Creating and Consolidating Locally Managed Irrigation in Turkey: the National Perspective

The Turkish program of irrigationmanagement transfer has gained worldwidecelebrity for its speed and effectiveness. This paper describes the program brieflyand assesses its effectiveness from anational perspective. The assessmentincludes changes in staffing levels,operational costs, service fee levels, andcost recovery from farmers. A companionpaper examines impacts at the local leveland looks specifically at changes in systemperformance.     

小型柴油机活塞与活塞环匹配的研究

活塞与活塞环是柴油机中工作强度最大的组件之一,对柴油机的性能、使用寿命和工作可靠性等指标都有极大影响。通过BH160F小型柴油机活塞材料的选用及对压缩高度、火力岸布置、活塞顶部形状和活塞环匹配等方面进行改进设计,使柴油机获得了良好性能指标。     

油葵收获割台工作性能仿真及试验研究

为研究油葵收获割台在工作过程中的性能与可靠性,得到该割台正常工作时的关键参数,利用SOLIDWORKS对割台进行三维参数化建模并导入ADAMS中进行运动学仿真,得到收获时茎秆受力和摆动程度的仿真结果并进行正交组合分析,仿真和分析结果表明:割台正常工作最优参数的组合是拉茎辊转速800 r/min、机器的行驶速度2.12 km/h、拉茎间隙10 mm、拉茎辊的倾角20°,同时往复切割刀的切割速度2 m/s时茎秆的受力最小,通过田间试验发现整个收获过程籽粒损失率≤3%,喂入输送绞龙的茎秆较短,收获可靠性较好,结果表明该割台适合油葵的机械化收获。     

Effects of alternative water distribution rules on irrigation system performance: a simulation analysis

Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency.     

The value of performance studies of irrigation projects for lending agencies

This paper looks at the World Bank's experience with irrigation and drainage projects and compares their performance expected at appraisal stage with the performance re-assessed at completion and at the time of impact evaluation, typically 3 to 5 years later when projects have reached their full potential. This review confirms the over-optimistic assumptions of project performance at appraisal and completion stages. The deficiencies in water distribution are far greater than suspected, affecting cropping intensity and crop yields much more than originally thought. An important lesson from this memo is the need to adopt more realistic values of key parameters in the preparation of irrigation projects.     

新型大棚骨架材料应用性能试验研究

新型大棚骨架材料是一种玻璃纤维复合增强材料,其价格低、可靠性高、劳动强度小,目前已在国内民间实际生产中极小范围内试用。而新材料应用于设施园艺大棚领域的工程性能的试验研究尚属空白。因此,参照国标设定试验方案,按照常规工程材料机械性能试验,测出了基本工程性能参数,得出了该材料可作为现行设施园艺大棚材料代替品的结论,这对于促进设施农业的发展有着划时代的意义。     

饲用复合酶对蛋用种鸡日粮磷的利用和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷日粮添加复合酶制剂对蛋用种鸡磷的利用和生产性能的影响。选用972只24周龄罗曼褐父母代种鸡,分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复54只种鸡。采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础饲粮,正对照组含总磷0.55%,非植酸磷0.40%,不加酶;负对照组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,不加酶;试验组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,加酶制剂。试验期18周。结果表明:在低非植酸磷的日粮中添加复合酶,粪便中磷含量极显著低于正对照组(P<0.01);粪便中粗蛋白质含量显著低于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05);显著改善蛋黃顔色(P<0.05);不影响生产性能、骨骼发育和蛋壳质量。添加200 g/t复合酶替代罗曼褐蛋用种鸡日粮中75%的磷酸氢钙能够降低饲料成本,提高养殖企业的经济效益,对罗曼褐蛋用种鸡生产性能无不利影响。     

寒香蜜葡萄的引种表现及省力化配套栽培技术

寒香蜜葡萄原产美国,属于欧美杂交种。2016年引入台州试栽,经过三年观察,此品种花芽分化好,抗病性强,果实品质优,田间管理省工,总体表现良好。总结了一套寒香蜜葡萄省力化栽培技术。     

碧香无核葡萄在浙江遂昌的引种表现及栽培技术

2011年引入碧香无核葡萄在浙江遂昌县种植,采用水平棚架避雨栽培,该品种长势中庸、抗病、质优、丰产,综合性状表现优良,可作为早熟鲜食葡萄品种在该区域和类似地区进行推广。     

沃柑在桂林市种植表现及品质特性

为了解优良晚熟杂柑沃柑在桂林市的种植表现,引进沃柑品种并进行试种和调查分析。结果表明,沃柑在桂林市2月下旬果实成熟,平均单果质量186.65g,果实可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量分别为14.16%和 8.91%;定植4年后平均单株产量达34.01kg,平均单位面积产量和产值分别为44893.2 kg/ha和35.91万元/ha。沃柑在桂林市综合表现较好,在柑橘品种改造中可选择作为优良品种进行推广。