香菇(花菇)菌株比较试验初报

1997年开始搜集了各地 2 0多个中、低温菌株 ,并进行各菌株区域栽培试验 .结果表明 ,980 3菌株具有优质高产、抗逆性强、适应性广和花菇率高等特点 ,可大面积推广 ,替代寿宁县退化的香菇 (花菇 )主栽种 135菌株     

杉木无性系家系造林早期选优研究

通过对引进的杉木无性系采用随机区组设计进行对比试验,测定苗期、林期的地径、树高。采用聚类分析和研究,结果表明：杉木无性系的各年龄阶段性状差异显著,表现了无性系早期选择的可行性,确定推广的杉木无性系为98号,392号,318号,453号,108号,492号,250号。     

三疣梭子蟹快速生长品系核心种质有效群体含量

三疣梭子蟹是我国海水养殖的重要种类之一,良种选育核心种质的繁衍与更新是制约品种选育成功的技术瓶颈。根据Doyle和Talbot提出的计算有效群体含量的计算公式,对2008年三疣梭子蟹快速生长品系核心育种群有效群体含量进行估算,得出实际群体有效含量为213,实际近交系数为0.002 3,其近交系数较小,近交衰退控制在较低的水平。但三疣梭子蟹保种数量和留种方式仍然困扰育种群体控制,因此,借鉴畜禽的保种模式,从留种方式、雌雄比例、保种数量等方面对三疣梭子蟹快速生长品系核心基础群进行保种研究。结果表明,采用随机留种,雌雄1∶1比例交尾,雌雄数量各131只,此保种模式既能保证三疣梭子蟹快速生长品系核心基础群遗传多样性处于较高水平,使其具有较大的选育潜力,又能使保种成本维持在一个合理水平。此研究模式也为理论保种模式,需要在以后的实际群体选育过程中逐步完善。     

Fluctuations of serum cortisol,insulin and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations in growing ewes over the year

Background

The physiological levels of endocrine and metabolic parameters in Slovene autochthonous breeds of sheep are not yet well known, nor are the mechanisms of their adaptability and responses to climate and environmental factors.Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate fluctuations of cortisol, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in growing ewes over an one-year period. Blood samples were collected monthly from 10 yearling Jezersko-Solchava, 10 Bovec and 10 Istrian ewes. Serum cortisol, insulin and NEFA were measured with commercial kits.

Results

Mean monthly cortisol values fluctuated with low levels in summer and high levels in autumn. Significant peaked cortisol values of 25.69 ± 6.89, 14.67 ± 2.43 and 21.11 ± 7.25 μg/L in Jezersko-Solchava, Bovec and Istrian breed, respectively, were found in September (Bovec breed) and October (Jezersko-Solchava and Istrian breed). Mean monthly insulin values increased during the observation period. The highest levels of 14.60 ± 3.15, 16.03 ± 5.35 and 12.56 ± 2.52 μIU/mL in Jezersko-Solchava, Bovec and Istrian breed, respectively, were observed in the last sample collection in May. NEFA concentrations were found to be low except in some autumn and spring months. The peak values were observed in March for Jezersko-Solchava and Istrian breed (0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.66 ± 0.10 mmol/L), and in April for Bovec breed (0.71 ± 0.11 mmol/L).

Conclusions

Monthly fluctuations of cortisol, insulin and NEFA were measured in all observed sheep breeds, but between-breed differences in monthly values of examined parameters were insignificant. Significantly increased serum cortisol levels were found in autumn for all breeds and were probably associated with the onset of puberty and low environmental temperature. A gradual increase of insulin level in the examined ewes was in parallel with their growth. Significantly higher NEFA values in spring suggest qualitatively insufficient feed supply during that period.     

猪繁殖性状的遗传改良策略

猪繁殖性能的提高将为养猪业带来巨大的经济效益 ,目前多数育种者将提高猪的繁殖力作为主要育种目标 ,并用数学遗传学方法和分子育种技术对繁殖性状进行改良。     

季节和品种对种公牛鲜精液品质的影响

研究按季节和品种对种公牛采精记录进行方差分析,分别比较了季节对夏洛来、西门塔尔、利木赞、红安格斯、荷斯坦种公牛和弗莱维赫6个品种鲜精液品质的影响以及相同季节下的6个品种精液品质间的差异。分析了在季节和品种的双重条件下,精液品质间的相关性。结果表明:(1)西门塔尔、夏洛来和荷斯坦种公牛的单次射精量随季节变化排序均依次是:夏季秋季春季冬季。(2)西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞和红安格斯的鲜精子密度随季节变化排序依次是:春季夏季冬季秋季,且这四个品种鲜精子密度在四季的排序均为:西门塔尔夏洛来利木赞红安格斯。(3)各品种种公牛四季鲜精子活力排序均依次是:冬季春季秋季夏季;各品种种公牛鲜精子活力在四季的排序均为:利木赞夏洛来弗莱维赫、西门塔尔荷斯坦红安格斯;各品种夏季鲜精子活力均极显著低于其它三个季节(P0.01)。(4)荷斯坦种公牛鲜精子活力夏季占春季活力比率最高为(0.54/0.59),利木赞次之(0.5/0.63),弗莱维赫第三(0.47/0.6),安格斯最低(0.34/0.49)。(5)红安格斯的单次射精量、精子密度和精子活力在相同季节下都低于其它5个品种。(6)在不同季节不同品种下,种公牛的射精量与鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数分别是0.006和~0.019,鲜精子密度和鲜精子活力的相关系数是0.253。     

番鸭血浆酶活性及其与产肉性能关系的研究

用法国＊本地二元杂交鸭为研究对象,分析其宰前血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、Ａｋｐ、ｒ－ＧＴ、Ａｍｙ活性与７个产肉性状的表型相关,结果表明ＧＯＴ活性与屠宰率,胸肌率,腿肌率,观众 率,ＧＰＴ活性与胸肌率,瘦肉率、ｒ－ＧＴ活性与胸肌率,腹脂率均呈显著正相关;     

老江河的水质理化特性及其渔业评价

对老江河的周年水质分析结果表明，水温平均１８．８℃（９．１～３１．１℃）；透明度平均２３１ｃｍ（６３～５２５ｃｍ）；ｐＨ平均７．６９（７．１２～８．２０）；溶解氧平均９．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ（７．９６～１１．５２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；化学耗氧量平均４．５６ｍｇ／Ｌ（３．３７～５．７９ｍｇ／Ｌ）；碱度平均２．２９ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ（２．０５～２．６４ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ）；硬度（ＣａＣＯ３）平均１２７．４ｍｇ／Ｌ（１１０．８～１４３．４ｍｇ／Ｌ），属软水。主要离子含量及排列顺序与长江水相近，属Ｏ·Ａ阿列金分类法ＣＣａⅢ型。主要营养元素中，无机Ｎ含量为０．４８９ｍｇ／Ｌ，其中ＮＯ－１３—Ｎ０．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ＋４—Ｎ０．２２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＯ－１２—Ｎ０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ；ＰＯ－３４—Ｐ０．００８ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｎ∶Ｐ平均为６１∶１，Ｐ更缺乏。老江河的水质状况表明它是适宜鱼类生长发育的良好渔业水体，营养类型介于贫－中营养型之间，适合于在此建立中国长江四大家鱼种质资源库     

丝瓜新品种夏绿3号的选育

夏绿3号丝瓜是以HYX1为母本、9807为父本选育而成的一代杂种.该品种适宜夏秋植,中早熟,生势中等,连续坐果能力强,商品瓜长棍棒形,头尾匀称,瓜条直,皮色深绿,风味脆甜,瓜长55～60 cm、横径4.5～5 cm,单瓜重400～500 g.耐热,耐贮运,高抗疫病,抗枯萎病、霜霉病,产量高,一般每667 m2产量为2 000～2 500 kg.     

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.