海漫柔性加糙相对糙率的确定

文恒教授等研究发现,利用废旧轮胎对海漫进行柔性加糙,可充分调整海漫下游流速分布,降低近底流速,对于解决闸下冲刷破坏,效果非常显著。本文延续海漫加糙试验研究,采用弹性较好的环状橡胶圈模拟废旧轮胎,在实验室人工水槽中进一步做海漫柔性加糙试验研究。试验共设计21个加糙方案形式,采集加糙前后不同断面水流流速分布和水位状况,确定在不同相对粗糙度情况下,加糙体的数量、尺寸、布置形式对加糙后海漫糙率的影响,以及合理的糙体排部和间距等。     

基于CFD的高温减压塔底泵次级叶轮优化设计

运用Fluent软件,利用有限体积法对雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程进行数值离散,采用标准k-ε湍流模型及SIMPLEC算法进行求解,对9组由不同出口宽度的次级叶轮与不同喉部面积的蜗壳所组合成的高温减压塔底泵的次级内部流场进行了数值模拟与性能预测,基于预测结果绘制了性能曲线,并分析了叶轮出口宽度与蜗壳喉部面积对性能的影响.分析结果表明：随着喉部面积的增大,蜗壳进口宽度增大,小流量区蜗壳中更易产生回流,致使扬程降低,高效区向大流量偏移;增大叶轮出口宽度,可扩大高效范围.分析结果为高温减压塔底泵次级叶轮的优化设计提供了参考,选择C-b组合为最终优选方案.     

Distribution and migration of age-0 jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in the East China and Yellow Seas, based on seasonal bottom trawl surveys

We examined the distribution and migration of age-0 jack mackerel in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea, based on data from seasonal bottom trawl surveys. Sampling was conducted at 79–161 stations during five cruises in spring (April–June), early summer (May–July), late summer (August–October), autumn (October–December), and winter (January–February). During early summer, jack mackerel (mean 92 mm fork length), which were estimated to have hatched in the southern East China Sea (SECS) during winter, began to occur abundantly, especially along the shelf-break region of the central East China Sea (CECS). In late summer, the distribution center of young fish (mean 126 mm) shifted northward into the shelf region of northern East China Sea (NECS), corresponding with the rise of bottom water temperature and high prey abundance. In winter when the bottom water temperature declined in the shelf region, the distribution center of jack mackerel (mean 144 mm) shifted southward, with high densities occurring in the SECS and CECS. In spring, overwintering jack mackerel that had become age-1 (mean 175 mm) were distributed abundantly along the shelf-break region of the ECS. On the other hand, jack mackerel were only sporadically found, generally at low densities, in the Yellow Sea during all seasons. High densities of jack mackerel were largely restricted to areas of >15°C bottom water temperature during all seasons. Our results indicate that the seasonal shifts of the 15°C isotherm of the bottom layer and the food conditions are significant environmental factors determining the migration of jack mackerel within the ECS.     

河蟹池塘养殖底层微孔曝气增氧技术的研究和应用

在2007年-2008年通过底层微孔曝气技术的开发应用,开展了河蟹池塘养殖增氧研究。结果表明养成河蟹规格和单产显著提高,池底增氧技术是河蟹池塘养殖中的关键控制技术,示范区、推广区河蟹的平均规格、单产、毛利比同期常规技术的一般平均水平分别提高了11．37％～36．26％、7．07％～28．49％;50．29％～71．67％、49．11％;177．51％．187．31％、122．2％;养蟹池塘水体DO、NH3-N、NO2—N、TN、TP、COD等主要水质指标明显优于对照池,总体达到地表水环境质量标准（GB3838—2002）Ⅲ类以上,并实现了养殖期内零排放,是一项节水、环保的新型水产养殖技术。     

Demersal fish and invertebrate biomass in relation to an offshore hypoxic zone along the US West Coast

In August 2007, as part of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey, we examined the biomass of demersal organisms in a known hypoxic area off the Oregon coast. Although observed each summer, the intensity of hypoxia has varied annually (2002–2007) with the greatest temporal and spatial extent noted in 2006. In 2007 we identified the geographic extent of the hypoxic zone and sampled 17 stations along two depth contours (50 and 70 m) within the area. A Sea-Bird SBE 19 plus equipped with a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was attached to the bottom trawl to monitor oxygen concentration during each tow. Bottom DO concentrations at all stations were hypoxic with means along the tow tracts ranging from 0.43 to 1.27 mL L⁻¹. Total catch per unit effort (ln CPUE, kg hectare⁻¹) and species diversity (number of species, N ) were significantly and positively related to oxygen concentration along the hypoxic gradient. In addition, CPUE (natural log-transformed) for eight fish species and five benthic invertebrate species were significantly and positively related to bottom oxygen concentration within the hypoxic region. Condition factors for five fish species, as well as Dungeness crab ( Cancer magister ) increased with increased bottom oxygen levels along the hypoxic gradient. Historical catch (2003–2006) within the hypoxic zone indicates that biomass was significantly lower in 2006, the year with the lowest bottom DO levels, relative to other years.     

桁杆虾拖网圆形分隔装置的效果分析

在桁杆虾拖网中间一只网囊前部加装圆形分隔装置,并在装置上部开设逃逸口.装置的格栅倾角分别为30.、45.、60.,栅条间距分别为2.5 cm、3.5 cm和4.5 cm.在逃逸口上方装有网袋,用于收集逃鱼.对装配不同倾角和不同栅条间距的装置进行了试验,根据各个网次网囊和网袋的渔获组成和体长分布情况,分析装置的分隔效果....     

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理工艺研究

通过一个实例,分析介绍了生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理的一种工艺。实践证明:综合利用破碎、筛分、磁力分选、跳汰分选、摇床分选等固废处理技术,对炉渣进行分选预处理,可有效回收利用Fe、Cu、Al等废旧金属,有效分离收集未燃尽的剩余垃圾,并妥善处理,从而使炉渣的性质满足资源化利用的技术要求,变废为宝。     

热带海域选择性虾拖网渔具的研究进展

捕虾拖网,特别是热带海域捕虾拖网渔业的兼捕和抛弃是全球最为突出的渔业问题,而选择性渔具的开发是解决这一问题的主要技术手段。美国东南沿海和澳大利亚沿海对虾拖网渔业是典型的热带海域捕虾拖网渔业,在这些海域的捕虾拖网渔业中,大型海洋生物（海龟）和鱼类兼捕共存的特点使得选择性研究主要是以种类选择性为主,选择性装置研究也主要集中在海龟释放装置（TED）和鱼类兼捕减少装置（BRD）上。通过归纳和对比这两种渔业中所开展的选择性研究,找出选择性虾拖网研究的共性和个性,结合不同渔业中有关兼捕减少的法律法规,为中国今后开展虾拖网渔业选择性研究以及虾拖网渔业相关技术措施和法规的制定提供参考依据。     

春季东海区桁杆拖虾网网囊网目的选择性研究

对长江口桁杆拖虾网采用套网法进行了选择性试验,分析研究了桁杆拖虾网3种网目尺寸的网囊对脊腹褐虾Cargon affini、葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri和总体虾类的选择性。结果表明：当网囊网目尺寸为20、25、35 mm时,脊腹褐虾的50%选择体长分别为41.36、46.42、57.68 mm;葛氏长臂虾的50%选择体长分别为43.35、47.20、62.01 mm;总体虾类的50%选择体长分别为47.45、50.56、64.87 mm。虾类网囊网目内径（Me）与50%选择体长（L0.5）之间的关系：脊腹褐虾,L0.5=1.0964Me＋19.179,R2=0.9984;葛氏长臂虾,L0.5=1.2779Me＋16.777,R2=0.9814;总体虾类,L0.5=1.999Me＋22.297,R2=0.9729。     

渔船模拟器中中层拖网的建模与仿真

为了在渔船模拟器中进行中层拖网的动态仿真,首先利用等效网面方法对中层拖网进行简化,然后根据集中质量法建立了中层拖网的水动力模型,并开发了中层拖网的三维可视化程序。利用三次B样条插值曲线绘制中层拖网,并采用纹理映射技术提高中层拖网三维可视化的效果。对一中层拖网进行了仿真研究,结果表明：仿真结果同其水槽试验结果相近,最大误差在20％以内,验证了该模型的合理性。最后,文中还给出了中层拖网的三维可视化效果图。