三倍体毛白杨封顶蘸根扦插技术研究

本文主要讨论了石蜡封顶、激素(NAA、BA等)“蘸根”抑上促下技术对三倍体毛白杨扦插成活率、生根及生长特性的影响。研究表明：石蜡封顶可明显提高三倍体扦插成活率及扦插苗质量，处理较对照扦插成活率提高了29．4％，苗高提高了18．4％，胸径提高了17．4％。生长索可促进皮部生根，但对愈伤组织生根作用不明显。生长素中低比例的细胞分裂素可明显促进愈伤组织根的形成，含量高则起反作用。本文通过流水浸条、石蜡封顶、激素(NAA BA(2：1)(浓度250～750mg／kg))蘸根相结合的措施，将三倍体扦插成活率提高到65．4％的平均水平，最高达82．3％。     

浮顶油罐底板腐蚀原因分析

针对长岭炼油厂１７号原油罐运行中的腐蚀穿孔问题,分析了该油罐罐底的腐蚀原因,分析结果表明,油品物化性质,焊接质量,施工质量,油罐低液位运行,钢板材质及缺陷等是造成油罐罐底上下表面腐蚀的原因。为解决这些问题提出几项具体的技术措施。     

小麦间作四种四收的几种模式

采用将两块半无限长弹性地基梁搭接的力学模型,对座落在弹性地基上的油罐搭接中幅板在液压作用下的受力情况进行分析,得出的应力可用于对罐底应力腐蚀和疲劳应力腐蚀分析。由于Ⅱ型弹性地基梁和刚性地基梁耦合法考虑的是对罐边缘板较窄或边缘板与中幅板搭接的情况,因此油罐中幅板的应力分析方法是此两种分析方法的基础。     

15×104 m3双盘浮顶油罐底板焊接工艺

分析了15×104 m3双盘浮顶油罐罐底板焊接过程中出现的问题,提出焊缝收缩使得对接间隙变小是引起边缘板变形的主要原因.认为采用合理的焊接方法和防变形措施,可以有效地避免应力集中,提高焊接质量,为油罐的安全运行提供可靠保障.     

拖网中副渔获物分离栅的研究进展

由于拖网作业时选择性比较差，在捕捞目标种类的同时产生大量的副渔获物和抛弃，为此，世界上渔业发达国家在虾拖网和底层鱼拖网中，开发研究了副渔获物分离栅，取得了明显的效果。实践证明，拖网分离栅能够有效地提高拖网作业的选择性，降低副渔获物和抛弃，保护渔业资源，因此，许多国家通过立法使其被强制使用。文中笔者介绍了国外在分离栅方面的最新研究进展，为今后中国开展这方面的研究提供一些参考。     

南极磷虾桁杆拖网网型结构与作业性能之间的关系

桁杆拖网是南极磷虾连续泵吸桁杆拖网捕捞系统重要组成部分之一,为深入了解该系统中桁杆拖网的作业性能特征,促进网具作业性能优化,本研究通过模型试验开展了网型结构和沉子重量对网具作业性能影响的探索,网型结构包括6种(3种腹网宽度,每种宽度采用2种缝合方式),分别以A、B、C、AA、BB和CC表示,沉子重量3种。综合比较表明,不同试验网型作业性能优劣排序为BB>CC>C>A>B>AA,但差异不显著。缩小腹网宽度和斜目缝合均能有效提高网口垂直扩张、降低能耗系数,提高网具作业性能,尤其适用于较高拖速的作业场景。沉子重量与网具阻力、网口垂直扩张均呈显著正相关,但与能耗系数相关性不明显;为促进网口垂直扩张,合适的沉子重量配备随拖速增加而递增,拖速1.5 m/s的条件下,各试验网型其沉子配重应不低于3.05 t。试验条件下,各网型的网具阻力、能耗系数变化趋势较平稳,递变斜率变化较小,网具阻力与拖速呈幂函数关系,指数介于1.49～1.64。以上结论可为南极磷虾桁杆拖网属具配备以及优化设计提供参考。     

广东大鹏湾虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究

虾拖网渔业是南海海域重要的作业方式之一,但尚未有关该渔业网目尺寸选择性的报道。为评价虾拖网渔具的渔获性能、合理利用虾类资源,在广东大鹏湾进行了网目选择性试验。试验采用双支架虾拖网作为试验网具,并使用套网法估算了网目内径为35、40和45 mm的网囊对主捕虾类的选择性。结果显示,虾类渔获中刀额新对虾、须赤虾、周氏新对虾和日本囊对虾渔获数量较多,比较以往资料,刀额新对虾和周氏新对虾优势体长、平均体长均有所下降,其它2种虾类平均体长未见明显变化;选择性分析结果显示,主捕虾类的L50随网目尺寸线性增大。根据试验结果并结合历史资料,笔者认为现阶段35 mm的网囊网目尺寸对于保护上述4种虾类资源是比较合适的。     

New USB-based 3D digital echo sounder system for mapping and assessing fish and aquatic plants

A recently developed echo sounder with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver can display both the boat position and echo gram. However, this information is displayed in different views. In this paper, we present a new digital three-dimensional (3D) echo sounder system comprising a traditional analog echo sounder, GPS receiver, notebook personal computer (PC), and a low-cost, compact, self-developed universal serial bus (USB)-based analog-to-digital (A/D) converter board. Multiple echo views can simultaneously display various desired targets more clearly than the view in a traditional analog echo sounder. The newly developed analysis software can precisely extract the information related to bottom depth, plants, and fish schools from the echoes. By combining the acoustic and position data, the system can map both the fish and plant echoes on the 3D sea bed generated from the extracted bottom depth. This system has been proved to be useful in observing the 3D and wide-area distribution of both fishes and aquatic plants and in studying habitat parameters in aquatic ecosystems. A notebook PC equipped with the self-developed USB-based A/D converter board is capable of transforming any traditional analog echo sounder into a high-performance 3D digital echo sounder.     

Application of NaLA,a fishing net configuration and loading analysis system,to bottom gill nets

ABSTRACT:   The net-shape and loading analysis system (NaLA) was developed to determine fishing net configuration and load in a previous study. The system has since been applied to general gill nets and aquaculture nets, and its validity has been proven through model experiments in tanks. In this study, the system was applied to estimate the dynamic behavior of a bottom gill net for walleye pollock, to test the system's applicability of the system to gear operations in the field. To obtain in situ data, four bottom gill net operations were performed in February 2004 off the coast of Sawara, Hokkaido, Japan. During operations, vertical displacements of the bottom gill net's float and sinker lines were measured as representative values of gear behavior, and ocean current direction, and speed at the gear position were observed simultaneously. Then, bottom gill net behavior was simulated using NaLA, incorporating observed environmental conditions and gear specifications. The resulting calculated behavior was compared to measured behavior in terms of the relationship between net height and environmental or setting conditions. Agreement between the calculated and measured net behavior was found. Thus, it is believe that our NaLA calculation model has the potential to simulate the dynamic behavior of bottom gill nets in situ .     

Growth and survival of the pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata (Röding 1758) in supended and bottom culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela

We evaluated growth and survival rates of Pinctadaimbricata in relation to environmental changes during nine months insuspended and bottom culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Juveniles,measuring 13 mm in length, were cultured using two methods, (1) inSpanish-type baskets suspended at 3–4 m in depth from a longline and (2) in baskets embedded on the seabed (7–8 m indepth). At monthly intervals, we quantified mortality and took a sample ofoysters to determine shell length (dorsal-ventral axis) and the dry mass of theshell, muscle and remaining tissues. We also quantified the dry mass of foulingon the shells (a potentially important environmental factor). Survival rateswere slightly higher in suspended culture (98–100%), although notsignificantly higher than on the bottom. The growth rate was higher in suspendedculture than on the bottom culture, and the difference between culture methodswas greater for tissue and shell biomass than for shell dimensions. At the endof the study, oysters measured 55 mm in shell length for oysters insuspension and 45 mm for those on the bottom. Although growth wasnot significantly correlated with any environmental factor, it tended toincrease with increases in chlorophyll a during periods ofupwelling, thus suggesting that phytoplankton abundance enhanced the growth ofPinctada imbricata. The pearl oyster Pinctadaimbricata should be an excellent species for aquaculture activities,given its high rates of growth and survival in suspended culture and itseconomic importance in the Caribbean region.