鬼针草与含羞草化感作用及其入侵性的研究

采用培养皿滤纸法研究入侵植物鬼针草与含羞草根、茎、叶浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,从化感角度揭示外来植物的入侵机制。结果表明:1)鬼针草根、茎、叶浸提液随浓度升高显著抑制鬼针草和含羞草种子萌发,高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的叶浸提液使萌发率降低了67%~87%;高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的含羞草叶浸提液使其种子萌发率降低了21.7%,但对鬼针草种子萌发影响较小。2)鬼针草和含羞草根长随2种植物根、茎、叶浸提液浓度的升高而降低,尤其是高浓度的叶浸提液有较强抑制效应。3)各浓度的鬼针草根、茎、叶浸提液均能降低含羞草茎长,高浓度的叶浸提液抑制效应最强;高浓度(0.04 g·mL^-1)的含羞草茎和叶浸提液抑制鬼针草茎长,中等浓度(0.02~0.03 g·mL^-1)的根和叶浸提液促进鬼针草茎长;含羞草各器官浸提液对其茎长的抑制作用随浓度增大略有增强。4)鬼针草各器官浸提液(尤其叶浸提液)抑制自身根冠比,促进含羞草根冠比;含羞草各器官浸提液轻微降低自身根冠比,显著降低鬼针草根冠比。5)鬼针草对自身种子萌发率、根长及根冠比的化感强度大于鬼针草他感强度;鬼针草对含羞草茎长的化感强度大于其自感强度,也大于含羞草他感强度;含羞草对鬼针草根长及根冠比的化感强度大于其自感强度,也大于鬼针草他感强度。鬼针草主要通过抑制含羞草茎长,增强入侵性,而含羞草主要通过抑制鬼针草根的生长,增大竞争力。     

石墨残存化合物的官能团与电性能的理论分析

通过式外光谱仪的分析测定，确定石墨残存化合物存在朱少官能团，这些官能团对石墨的结构有影响，对石墨的性能也有直接影响，通过电阻率的测定，发现了性能的重大变化，本文对其影响做了详细分析。     

Impact of seawater intrusion control on the environment,land use and household incomes in a coastal area

Agricultural production in the coastal wetlands of Asia is often hindered by salinity intrusion caused by tidal fluctuation. This paper reports changes in environmental and socio-economic conditions that followed the phased construction and operation of sluices for controlling seawater intrusion from 1994 –2000 in a coastal area of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Canal water salinity decreased rapidly upstream of sluices, allowing rice cropping intensification and increased rice production in the eastern part of the study area. However, the livelihoods of farmers in the western part were adversely affected due to cessation of supply of brackish water that was needed for brackish-water shrimp farming, while the acid sulphate soils present there posed problems for rice cultivation. The poor farmers and landless people suffered more because the fishery resource that they depended on declined sharply due to reduced salinity and increased acidity in the canal water. The findings confirmed that the environment and resource use in the coastal lands are very sensitive to external intervention. A clear understanding of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of salinity control measures in coastal areas can help planning to enhance farmers' incomes while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Land-use policy formulation, planning and management should adopt a more holistic approach, taking into account the interests of all resource users, especially the poor, instead of focusing on any particular sector.     

基于QuickBird影像的艾比湖及周边土壤风蚀研究

近年来,艾比湖湖面发生严重萎缩,造成湖泊大面积裸露,为沙尘暴提供了大面积沙源。通过对高分辨率QuickBird影像数据的处理,分析了艾比湖湖域的风蚀现状。在湖岸周边强度以上的风蚀面积约占63%,主要分布在无植被覆盖的东部和西部;微度风蚀和中度风蚀面积约占37%,主要分布在有植被覆盖的南北两岸。湖泊裸露的干涸湖底,位于湖泊的西北部,面积达430km²。影像的色调、形状和纹理变化上反映了干涸湖底的地貌形态和风系的方向。结合实地测量数据的分析发现,湖泊西北向东南方向形成宽约4.5km,长约10km,坡度为1/5000的带状坡面,为沙尘暴的发生创造了有利的条件。要改善艾比湖流域生态环境,主要依靠增加入湖水量以减小干涸湖底的沙源,达到控制艾比湖地区风蚀的目的。     

The analysis of saltwater intrusion through Komesu underground dam and water quality management for salinity

The Komesu underground dam is the first full-scale underground dam constructed to prevent saltwater intrusion in Japan. Although the cutoff wall of the dam effectively reduces the movement of saltwater into the reservoir area, saltwater masses remained behind the dam at the time of its completion, and saltwater can intrude beneath and diffuse through the wall, particularly when the reservoir level is below the sea level because of high pumping levels during the drought years. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate in advance whether the saltwater concentration in the pumped water is likely to exceed or not the permissible salinity level because of an increase in the residual saltwater mass as a result of saltwater intrusion and to take necessary measures to suitably manage the saltwater level behind the dam. To analyze saltwater intrusion, we first selected the optimal program suitable for the analysis of saltwater intrusion. Second, we examined the longitudinal dispersivity and the effect of the cone of depression around the pumping wells. Then we analyzed saltwater intrusion into the reservoir area in detail by using a two-dimensional convective–dispersive analysis. The results of the analysis make it possible to improve management of saltwater in the reservoir area behind the underground dam.     

离底拖网的游泳动物群落特征——以兄弟岛渔场为例

为探究离底拖网对游泳动物的群落结构以及捕捞量的影响,于2019年9月和2020年9月在福建海域兄弟岛渔场开展了36网次的底拖网专项试验,通过调整曳纲长度控制底拖网作业过程中的网位变动,分别保持底拖网作业在贴底或离底1 m的状态,以物种组成、渔获量对数均值、优势度、多度谱、多样性等参数,分析和比较了贴底拖和离底拖的游泳动物群落结构变化。结果显示:贴底拖和离底拖游泳动物的种类数分别为126种和79种,贴底拖游泳动物的总尾数和总体质量均为离底拖的3倍,贴底拖的渔获量对数均值比离底拖要高0.36,表明贴底拖网的渔获物以栖息于底层的游泳动物为主;贴底拖的游泳动物多样性、均匀度和丰富度分别为2.81、0.65和10.01,均高于离底拖(2.29、0.60和8.13),经济幼鱼的比例更高,说明贴底拖会对游泳动物的多样性以及幼鱼造成更大的损害;离底拖游泳动物的优势度指数为0.41,高于贴底拖的0.29,其多度谱曲线更陡,说明近底层游泳动物群落优势种分布更集中、数量分布不均匀。研究结果可以为底拖网渔业的科学管理提供依据。     

已建储罐底板的阴极保护系统

针对大型储罐施加阴极保护后,如何使电流分布均匀,如何测量保护电位等问题,介绍了国外大型储罐安装的斜井阳极阴极保护系统。该系统采用钻孔的PVC塑料管可以方便地测量储罐对地电位,与均布在储罐周围的阳极地床以及深井阳极地床相比,斜井阳极电流分布更为均匀,且能更好地保护罐中心底板。     

Seismic Behaviour of Multi Story Brick Building with Frame Shear Wall in the Two Botton Floors

A shear vibrational model applied assemblage of multiple particles is proposed for the seismic response analysis of masonry building with R/C frame wall in the two bottom floors.On the basis of analyses,some problems are discussed,these mainly are:dynamic properties,main factors that have influence on seismic behavior,earthquake resistant reliability of this building under strong earthquake and the rational ratios of lateral rigidity.[WT5HZ]     

IDS在维护图书馆网络安全中的缺陷及改进

文章分析了图书馆网络安全,并就IDS存在的缺陷以及降低IDS误报率提出了改进的方法,最后结合工作实际提出把改进后的DIDS应用于目前图书馆的网络安全管理.     

三峡库区万州段投饵网箱养鱼对底泥水化因子的影响

2005年6月至2006年4月对长江三峡库区投饵网箱养殖区上游、网箱养殖区以及网箱养殖区下游底泥中有机物耗氧量、TN、NO3-N、TP、硫化物等指标进行了监测。结果显示,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底泥有机物耗氧量和总磷含量分别高出对照区5.4～6.5 mg/g和0.03～0.08 g/kg,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底泥总氮含量及硝态氮含量分别高出对照区40～80 mg/kg和0.8～1.2 mg/kg,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底层水的硫化物含量平均值分别高出对照区1.3 mg/L和0.11 mg/L。