饲粮添加蛋氨酸与甜菜碱对仔鹅生长性能 和屠宰性能交互作用研究

旨在研究饲粮中添加蛋氨酸与甜菜碱对21~70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、体尺性状、屠宰性能和器官指数的影响。采用2×3二因子试验设计,研究在蛋氨酸相对缺乏的扬州鹅饲粮中添加3个水平蛋氨酸(0,600和1200mg·kg-1)和2个水平甜菜碱(0和600 mg·kg-1)对仔鹅的影响。选取体重接近的18日龄扬州鹅公鹅300只,随机分成6组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。21日龄开始正式试验,为期49 d。结果表明:1饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对70日龄体重影响显著,1200 mg·kg-1蛋氨酸添加组仔鹅体重显著高于未添加组(P0.05)。2饲粮中添加蛋氨酸对胫围和胸宽影响显著,600和1200 mg·kg-1蛋氨酸添加组胫围和胸宽显著大于未添加组(P0.05);600 mg·kg-1甜菜碱添加组龙骨长、胫围和胸深显著高于未添加组(P0.05);添加蛋氨酸与甜菜碱水平对胫围有显著的交互作用(P0.05)3饲粮中添加甜菜碱对屠宰性能有显著影响(P0.05),添加600 mg·kg-1甜菜碱显著提高了全净膛率(P0.05);添加蛋氨酸与甜菜碱水平对屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率均有显著的交互作用(P0.05)。饲粮中添加适宜水平的蛋氨酸(3400 mg·kg-1)有利于提高仔鹅的生长性能,添加甜菜碱对仔鹅体重生长、饲料转化效率及屠体指标等没有显著作用,蛋氨酸与甜菜碱互作更有利于促进仔鹅的骨骼发育,改善仔鹅的屠宰性能。     

转BADH基因山苜3号(SLM07)紫花苜蓿新品种选育

通过农杆菌介导法将BADH基因成功导人中苜1号紫花苜蓿基因组中,以生长习性、花色、生物量、抗逆性等性状特征为选育目标,选育出了符合既定目标的耐盐苜蓿,定名为山苜3号(SLM07)(Medicago sativa L.cv.Shanmu No.3).通过品比试验、区域试验和生产试验表明,在不同含盐量地区其产草量明显高于中苜1号,生产试验的干草增产率为16.22%～21.52%,为我国耐盐牧草生产提供了新的种质资源.     

Changes in N Composition of Sugar Beet Varieties in Response to Increasing N Supply

The soluble nitrogen (N) components in sugar beet seriously impair sugar recovery. The only N component determined routinely in the sugar factory is amino N (the sum of amino acids in the beet), which is assumed to reflect all the other N components. Amino N is affected by N supply and variety, but only little is known about the other N components such as total soluble N, betaine and nitrate. This study aimed at investigating the effect of N supply on the N composition of sugar beet varieties with special emphasis on N supply by variety interactions. In 2001 and 2002, field trials with four varieties and four N treatments were carried out at six sites in Germany. Storage root yield and the concentrations of sucrose, sodium, amino N, betaine, nitrate and total soluble N in the beet were determined. With increasing N supply, the concentration of amino N increased considerably and that of nitrate slightly, whereas that of betaine remained rather constant. Thus, the N composition of sugar beet changed with increasing N supply and the percentage of amino N of total soluble N increased. Although amino N has the closest correlation with total soluble N, for quality assessment it may overestimate the effect of N supply on other N components. Varieties clearly differed in root yield and quality as well as in all N components. The variety with the lowest amino N had the highest betaine concentration. However, as related to the concentration of total soluble N in the beet, for all varieties amino N as well as betaine showed the same response pattern. This indicates that the N composition of sugar beet is determined by the level of total soluble N, irrespective of variety or N supply. All varieties required the same N supply for obtaining maximum yield or quality. N supply did not affect the ranking of the varieties for all parameters studied, consequently it need not be considered for variety choice.     

甜菜碱在果树胁迫中的作用

甜菜碱是一种非毒性渗透调节物质,对维持逆境胁迫下果树的代谢和生存具有重要的生理意义,系统讨论了甜菜碱在植物胁迫条件下的作用机制。由于并非所有植物在胁迫条件下会产生内源甜菜碱,因此外源甜菜碱使植物获得抗性的研究受到广泛关注。现对不同途径添加外源甜菜碱在果树抗逆过程中所起的作用进行举例说明,试图为增强果树的抗逆性提供新的技术措施。     

植物甜菜碱醛脱氢酶的生物信息学分析

运用生物信息学的方法,对已在GenBank数据库中注册的甜菜、菠菜、山菠菜、玉米、辽宁碱蓬等植物甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果表明:植物BADH属于稳定蛋白质,含有较丰富的丙氨酸和谷氨酸;不同植物BADH的氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性,含有与酶功能相关的十肽保守序列及半胱氨酸残基;不同植物的BADH具有不同的亚细胞定位;分子进化研究表明,BADH可作为植物遗传分化和分子进化研究的重要依据;氨基酸序列中不存在信号肽;分子中不存在跨膜结构域,可能受蛋白激酶的磷酸化;α?螺旋是多肽链中的主要结构元件;蛋白质保守区域包含典型的醛脱氢酶功能结构域。该研究结果为开展BADH的酶学特性及植物抗逆的分子机理研究提供理论参考。     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因相对表达量的影响

为了研究甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因表达量的影响,试验采用单因子试验设计,选用80 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂交猪60头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪,在日粮中添加甜菜碱0,500,1 000,1 500 mg/kg,试验期为41 d,试验结束后随机选择(每组随机选择3头)12头猪进行屠宰测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加甜菜碱对育肥猪的日增重、日采食量、料重比均有明显影响,可以不同程度地提高日增重和采食量,降低料重比,其中以添加1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显;日粮中添加甜菜碱可以不同程度地提高育肥猪PRKAG3基因的表达量,其中以1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显。说明甜菜碱可以提供甲基供体,节约蛋氨酸和胆碱,从而提高育肥猪的生长性能。     

甜菜碱不同预处理时间下小麦幼苗对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应

以小麦长武134为实验材料,于小麦长至两叶一心期时根施2.0 g/L甜菜碱,研究外源甜菜碱预处理不同时间(48 h,72 h,96 h)后对PEG-6000(-1.0 MPa)胁迫下小麦幼苗水分状况、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、膜伤害程度的影响。结果表明外施甜菜碱可增强干旱条件下细胞的渗透调节能力,提高抗氧化酶的活性,减缓干旱胁迫诱导的细胞伤害,其中用2.0 g/L的甜菜碱预处理72 h效果相对较好。     

包膜甜菜碱与有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响

旨在研究包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量相近100头泌乳牛,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组50头,对照组饲喂原奶牛场配方日粮,试验组在每天早晨TMR日粮中添加50 g/d包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物。结果:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛采食量显著提高(P<0.05),牛奶中体细胞含量显著降低(P<0.05);奶牛乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著提高(P<0.05);磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)含量显著降低(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量有上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量有下降趋势,但差异均不显著。试验表明包膜甜菜碱和有机铬具有提高热应激期奶牛采食量、促进代谢和蛋白质合成、缓解奶牛热应激的作用。     

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境中三黄鸡组织器官生长发育的影响

本试验目的是探讨中药甜菜碱复方对处于高温环境中三黄鸡消化系统和免疫系统部分组织器官生长发育的影响。选择15日龄三黄鸡288只,随机分成8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%的中药,中药甜菜碱Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%中药＋0.2%甜菜碱、0.8%中药＋0.2%甜菜碱、1.2%中药＋0.2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中仅添加0.2%甜菜碱。在42日龄、70日龄和98日龄时,每组随机选取4只（2公、2母）,剖解,称量其消化系统和免疫系统部分组织器官重量,并固定,制片,显微镜下观察组织细胞变化。结果表明,与高温对照组相比,添加中药甜菜碱复方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组三黄鸡的肌胃、胰腺和肾脏的重量在3个日龄段均显著（P〈0.05）增加,胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）增加;添加中药Ⅱ组和甜菜碱组仅胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量显著增加（P〈0.05）。71-98日龄段,中药甜菜碱复方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,甜菜碱组,中药Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肝脏重量显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）增加。中药、甜菜碱及复合添加剂对15-42日龄腺胃重量和15-70日龄肝脏重量的影响则不明显。组织学观察,高温对照组三黄鸡肝脏、胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊等器官造成不同程度的病理变化,而0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方组三黄鸡相应的组织器官则未见有明显的病理变化。这表明高温环境对三黄鸡消化系统和免疫系统某些组织器官产生了一定的损伤,添加中药甜菜碱复方可缓解其损伤,促进组织器官的生长发育。其中,以添加0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方抗高温应激的效果最好。     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.