程丑夫教授治疗汗证经验浅析

本文以整体观念,辨证论治为宗旨,提炼历代名医治疗汗证的理法方药,总结探讨程丑夫教授治疗汗证经验和用药特色。程丑夫教授治疗汗证气虚内热证的经验方以《兰室秘藏》的当归六黄汤为底方,并选择特色用药。全方寓有三法,蕴含有汗为心液、汗出阳明、汗尿同源的独特学术思想,指导治疗以首当治心、清胃消燔、因势利导三法合用,对于治疗汗证的气虚内热证临床疗效显著。     

证素辨证与数字中医药

辨证论治是中医学的主要特色,但是由于传统的辨证论治体系中各种辨证方法很难"求同存异",对于"证本质"的研究很难"以偏概全",临床惯用辨病论治替代辨证论治等弊端,限制了中医辨证学的发展。在此背景下,朱文锋教授创造性地提出了证素辨证体系,该体系通过全面收集内、外、妇、儿科等临床常见证候,并使之规范化和数量化,明确了病位证素和病性证素两大基本辨证要素。证素辨证思想体系是发展数字中医药的基础,是沟通中医药与现代科学技术的关键理论。本文结合证素辨证体系思想,提出了构建数字中医药创新研究的基本思路和框架,对促进中医药现代化研究具有重要的指导意义。     

人造板饰面材料中重金属元素检测方法探讨

归纳了人造板饰面材料中重金属物质的来源、危害和相关限制法规,介绍了常用有害重金属元素含量的检测方法,分析了现有检测方法对于检测人造板饰面材料中重金属的适应性,总结了在对人造板饰面材料中有害重金属进行检测时,样品的制备及处理方法.为制定相关检测方法的标准提供依据.     

关于资源型城市克拉玛依经济转型的思考--兼谈克拉玛依市的可持续发展

随着计划经济体制向市场经济体制、卖方市场向买方市场的转变,资源型城市的发展面临着更多的困难和更严峻的挑战。资源型城市要实现可持续发展,必须加快城市转型,对城市发展方向、发展思路和发展重点进行重大调整。本文在分析资源型城市克拉玛依面临的“四个单一”问题的基础上,提出了克拉玛依经济转型的主要思路和政策建议。     

Systematic Review of Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug‐Induced Adverse Effects in Dogs

The aim of this systematic review was to identify, assess, and critically evaluate the quality of evidence of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced adverse effects in dogs. Original prospective studies published in peer‐reviewed journals in English (1990–2012) that reported data on the safety of NSAIDs administration in dogs were searched. For each study, design type (I, II, III, or IV) and assessment of quality (+, Ø, ?) were rated. For each drug, quantity and consistency rating (***, **, *) and strength of evidence (high, moderate, low, or extremely low) were identified and evaluated. The strength of evidence was defined in terms of how applicable and relevant the conclusions were to the target population. Sixty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐five (55%) research studies and 29 (45%) clinical trials were identified. A high strength of evidence existed for carprofen, firocoxib, and meloxicam; moderate for deracoxib, ketoprofen, and robenacoxib; and low for etodolac. Quality and consistency rating were as follows: carprofen (***/***), deracoxib (**/***), etodolac (*/unable to rate), firocoxib (***/**), ketoprofen (**/***), meloxicam (***/***), and robenacoxib (**/**), respectively. Adverse effects were detected in 35 studies (55%) and commonly included vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Three studies (5%) reported a power analysis related to adverse effects of ≥80%. In randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded studies (n = 25, 39%), the incidence of adverse effects was not statistically different between treated and control dogs. Finally, most studies were not appropriately designed to determine the safety of NSAIDs, and involved a healthy nongeriatric population of research dogs.     

废纸在人造板领域中的回收利用技术及研究进展

综述了国内外利用回收废纸制造人造板技术研究进展,分析了废纸在人造板领域回收再利用技术的发展趋势,阐述了废纸与木质材料制备复合材料存在的三大问题,并提出了对策。     

Effect of tillage management on energy-use efficiency and economics of soybean (Glycine max) based cropping systems under the rainfed conditions in North-West Himalayan Region

The study on energy-use efficiency and economics of soybean based cropping system, viz., soybean–wheat (Glycine max 9 L., Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.), soybean–lentil (Lens culinaris Medicus) and soybean–field pea (Pisum sativum L., sensu lato), was carried out at the Hawalbagh experimental farm of Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India during 2001–2003 (29°36′ N, 79°40′ E). These cropping systems, under rainfed conditions, were evaluated with different tillage management practices, viz., zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). Each tillage management practice, under each cropping system was evaluated for total energy output, energy input–output ratio, gross income, net income and marginal income, to variable cost of cultivation. Results revealed that the maximum energy was consumed in terms of chemical fertilizers, followed by seed and plant protection chemicals, in all cropping systems. Equivalent energy was used from literature for conversion purpose. The maximum output energy was observed in CT (44,253 MJ/ha), followed by MT for soybean–lentil cropping system (43,450 MJ/ha). The output–input energy ratio was maximum in ZT for soybean–lentil (4.9) followed by MT for soybean–pea cropping system (4.6). The economic analysis also revealed that the maximum benefits could be obtained from these sequences. Conventional tillage for all cropping sequences was found to be a better option as compared to minimum tillage and zero tillage. Benefit–cost ratios were higher in conventional tillage in all the three cropping systems. However, from the point of energy saving or cost reduction, zero tillage and minimum tillage may be considered depending on resources.     

The effect of random and density‐dependent variation in sampling efficiency on variance of abundance estimates from fishery surveys

Abundance indices (AIs) provide information on population abundance and trends over time, while AI variance (AIV) provides information on reliability or quality of the AI. AIV is an important output from surveys and is commonly used in formal assessments of survey quality, in survey comparison studies, and in stock assessments. However, uncertainty in AIV estimates is poorly understood and studies on the precision and bias in survey AIV estimates are lacking. Typically, AIV estimates are “design based” and are derived from sampling theory under some aspect of randomized samples. Inference on population density in these cases can be confounded by unaccounted process errors such as those due to variable sampling efficiency (q). Here, we simulated fish distribution and surveys to assess the effect of q and variance in q on design‐based estimates of AIV. Simulation results show that the bias and precision of AIV depend on the mean q and variance in q. We conclude that to fully evaluate the reliability of AI, both observation error and variability in q must be accounted for when estimating AIV. A decrease in mean q and an increase in the variance in q results in increased bias and decreased precision in survey AIV estimates. These effects are likely small in surveys with mean q ≥ 1. However, for surveys where q ≤ 0.5, these effects can be large. Regardless of the survey type, AIV estimates can be improved with knowledge of q and variance in q.