Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the invasion and migration of THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia cells via inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway

Ginsenoside Rh1 has been reported to possess antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on monocytes remain to be determined. Herein, we investigated the effects of Rh1 on the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2, activation of MAPK signaling, and chemotaxis of monocytes. Treatment of Rh1 decreased the levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 and the expression of VLA5 and activated β1 integrin on the cell surface, and attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Based on these results, the inhibitory effects of Rh1 on monocyte function should be regarded as a promising new anti-inflammatory response with a potential therapeutic role against inflammation-dependent diseases.     

三华李橘小实蝇诱杀试验初报

测定了90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂3种食物诱剂和性诱剂不同处理方式对橘小实蝇的诱虫和防治效果。试验结果表明,90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂、性诱剂及对照诱杀橘小实蝇雌虫比率分别为39.7%、36.2%、22.9%、0%、1.2%; 90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂对橘小实蝇相对防治效果分别为87.50%、69.17%、43.33%、25.83%;“盛唐”食物诱剂能较好地控制橘小实蝇的为害。     

林木害虫监测技术的研究进展

随着国际间贸易的频繁,外来林木害虫传入我国的风险加大,评估外来林木害虫扩散趋势和速度,建立有效的外来林木害虫监测系统显得尤为迫切。本文结合本课题组有关林木害虫诱集已取得的成果,综述了近年来国内外对外来林木害虫诱集监测技术的研究进展,并就建立适合我国的外来林木害虫监测体系提出建议。     

庐山应用引诱剂诱捕松墨天牛成虫试验

2009—2011年在江西省庐山,应用福建省林科院研制的FJ-MA-02引诱剂进行诱捕松墨天牛成虫试验。结果表明:松墨天牛成虫在庐山发生期为4月下旬末—9月上旬;随着海拔的升高,成虫羽化高峰期逐渐推迟,海拔220、550、800 m天牛羽化盛期分别在5月下旬、6月中下旬、7月中旬。通过清除松树枯死木、悬挂诱捕器、施放白僵菌等综合技术措施,3个试验点松树枯死木数量2011年与2009年同比下降了62.0%、60.8%、62.3%。说明引诱剂是监测和控制松墨天牛的有效措施之一。     

烟叶蛾虫食诱剂对鳞翅目害虫的防治效果

[目的]评价烟叶蛾虫食诱剂(食物诱集剂)对烟草鳞翅目害虫的田间诱集捕杀效果。[方法]通过在烟草田间设置诱捕箱,并借助添加微量杀虫剂(灭多威),研究了烟叶蛾虫食诱剂"烟叶宝"对烟草田间烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾3种鳞翅目害虫的诱集捕杀效果。[结果]"烟叶宝"对烟田中烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫具有较好的诱集捕杀效果,并在控制3种害虫的种群数量方面起到了良好作用。[结论]使用"烟叶宝"防治烟田鳞翅目害虫具有操作简便、高效、低毒、烟叶未直接吸收、提升烟叶食用安全性等优点,有望进一步开发。     

乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇的引诱效果

【目的】沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava Hering是近年来在新疆阿勒泰地区新发现的沙棘果实重要害虫,研究沙棘绕实蝇监测和绿色防控的新途径。【方法】在田间悬挂黄板组合不同乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇进行诱捕试验。以黄板、三角形诱捕器、实蝇专用蘑菇形诱捕器、白色粘虫板作为载体测试其对沙棘绕实蝇的引诱剂效果。【结果】经单因素方差分析,黄板作为载体,与其他处理相比诱捕量具有极显著差异(P ＜ 0.01),平均诱捕量为18.33头/张;悬挂密度以每667 m²悬挂40张诱捕效果最佳,蛀果率为8.27%。沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂诱集数量主要集中在前4 d。不同乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇成虫诱捕效果为顺序为沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂＞RDKS＞月桂酸乙酯=十四酸乙酯=棕榈酸乙酯=桔小实蝇引诱剂。【结论】沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂组合黄板对沙棘绕实蝇成虫具有极好的引诱效果,并筛选出一种挥发物RDKS对沙棘绕实蝇两性成虫均有较好的引诱效果,可作为沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂的成分之一,这两种引诱剂结合黄板可作为沙棘绕实蝇监测和防治的有效手段之一。     

复合益生菌发酵液的功能特性及对对虾诱食效果

为探求复合菌发酵液的多种功能,该试验选择具有脱氮、产酶、抑菌等优良性能的酵母菌、乳酸菌及芽孢杆菌各1株,利用已优化的HJ培养基进行共培养,实时监测发酵过程,分时段取样,对复合菌发酵液的脱氮、产酶、抑菌、培藻及诱食等功能进行研究。结果表明,酿酒酵母菌NJ-02、屎肠球菌SC-01及枯草芽孢杆菌M7-1能够在HJ培养基中进行共发酵,连续培养24 h后3株微生物活菌数量分别达到3.88×10~8、2.41×10~(10)、5.38×10~9 CFU/mL。复合菌发酵液的脱氮、培藻性能同复合菌中枯草芽孢杆菌M7-1的活菌数相关较大,发酵至16h其降解亚硝态氮和培藻性能最为理想,亚硝态氮降解率为89%,并使小球藻叶绿素a质量分数提升49.6%。复合菌发酵液具有同枯草芽孢杆菌M7-1相当的产酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶)活性及同屎肠球菌SC-01相当的抑菌(副溶血弧菌)活性。复合菌发酵液饲喂对虾,诱食效果明显好于对照组(P0.05),同化学诱食剂二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭(dimethyl-beta-propiothetin hydrochloride, DMPT)差异不显著,其肠道中乳酸菌、酵母菌数目显著高于对照组及化学诱食剂组(P 0.05)。该研究所制备的脱氮、培藻、抑菌及诱食功能复合菌发酵液,为可持续生态水产养殖提供了新的微生物资源和技术方法。     

Field testing of different synthetic attractants for mass trapping of common European cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha [L.], Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) adults

Between 2012 and 2014, we tested the efficacy of different synthetic attractants for the purpose of massive trapping of common European cockchafer adults (Melolontha melolontha). The research took place in three different locations in Slovenia (Otlica, ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo, Cesta nad Ajdov??ino) during flight periods of adult beetles. In the period 2013–2014, we used, on the basis of the preliminary test results (2012), the following chemicals: toluquinone, cis–3–hexen–1-ol, ethyl acetate, toluquinone?+?cis–3 hexen–1-ol, and ethanol as a control. M. melolontha adults were most abundant in the location ?rni Vrh nad Idrijo; the traps in this location caught 18 times more of them than those in the first location and more than six times more than those in the third location. Male insects accounted for 73 to 87% of the trapped specimens. We confirmed the highest efficiency of cis–3–hexen–1-ol in 2013 (43.25?±?0.08 males/trap), as well as in 2014 (15.00?±?0.14 males/trap). On the basis of the trapped adult common European cockchafers and the simple economic analysis of applying different synthetic substances for attracting them, we found that independent application of cis-3-hexen-1-ol is the most efficient and cost-effective option for attracting the studied insect pest. Consequently, we recommend it as an attractant in the traps for massive trapping of adult common European cockchafers.     

Addition of Ammonium Acetate to Protein-Borax Baited Traps Does Not Improve Attraction of Anastrepha obliqua or Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Ammonia is considered a key component in the attraction of tephritid flies to protein-based lures. The addition of ammonium acetate to improve hydrolyzed protein-borax mixtures used to monitor tephritids has not been evaluated, although it has improved attraction to toxic baits. The presence of ammonium acetate crystals in a ventilated tube inside a trap containing hydrolyzed protein + borax, did not improve the capture of Anastrepha obliqua or Anastrepha serpentina flies in field experiments when compared with hydrolyzed protein + borax alone. In contrast, the addition of 1% ammonium acetate into the drowning solution of a hydrolyzed protein + borax mixture resulted in significantly reduced captures of both pests. Laboratory tests indicated that the emission of ammonia gas was increased 1.6–4.5-fold from traps that included ammonium acetate. These results confirm the hypothesis that a higher release of ammonia does not improve the attraction of tephritids when protein-derived odors are also present.     

Effects of partial or total replacement of fish meal with freeze‐dried krill (Euphausia superba) on growth and nutrient utilization of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed the same practical diets

Studies were conducted with juvenile (28 g) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed fish meal (FM) based diets with partial (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) or total (100%) replacement of FM with freeze‐dried krill (FDK). Addition of dietary FDK significantly stimulated feeding activity in both species and resulted in higher feed consumption and intakes of digestible protein (DP) and energy (DE). This is a significant finding on the feed attractant properties of FDK because it occurred despite having 2–4 MJ kg^?1 higher levels of DE in the FDK diets which could have had an intake suppression effect. In addition, it indicates that the soluble protein fraction of krill thought to be responsible for its attractant properties and is routinely lost or greatly reduced during commercial processing of krill meals, is retained by freeze‐drying. Supplementation of FDK significantly improved growth rates, digestibility and nutrient utilization. Levels exceeding 25–50% FM replacement, however, generally did not significantly increase growth performance or nutrient utilization. In addition, feed formulations with high FDK (>75% replacement) are likely to be cost‐prohibitive as long as the market price remains higher than FM.