Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.     

Physiological and biochemical changes of females of Piracanjuba,subjected to induced reproduction

The aim of this experiment was to compare the level of fish female stress during induced reproduction with pituitary extract by two different methods, natural and semiextruded. The reproductive efficiency was 62.5% in the seminatural treatment and 100% in the extruded. Obtained egg volume was 5200 ml and 4000 ml, for seminatural and extruded treatments respectively. The mean number of eggs was 46.7 for the seminatural and 52.0 and for the extruded treatment. The percentage of viable eggs was, respectively, 87.2% and 8.17% for the natural treatment and extruded semimethods. Blood samples were collected to quantify cortisol and glucose levels, as well as red cell series and lymphocyte count. Fishes submitted to induction procedures showed elevated cortisol and glucose levels, compared to the control animals. The results for haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count showed no significant differences among groups. Significant differences found in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes suggest the general adaptation syndrome. Our results suggest the reproductive induction process with extrusion of gametes as a more stressful method than seminatural reproduction process.     

渔场鱼量模型的建立

微分方程的平衡点可分为稳定和不稳定两种。当轻轻扰动平衡点时，系统状态就会剧烈变化。若新的状态决不会回到原平衡点，此点就是不稳定的；相反，如果一个系统在稳定平衡点附近受到干扰，它总是企图回到平衡点，那么此点就是稳定的。用这一数学工具可以解决诸如渔场鱼量等一系列实际问题。     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

南沙群岛西南陆架区刺鲳资源状况的研究

根据2003年对南沙群岛西南陆架区渔业资源春秋两季调查的最新资料,分析了该海域刺鲳Psenopsis anomala(Temm inck et Schlegel)的资源状况。结果表明:刺鲳的渔获率、资源密度和资源量分别为0.97 kg/h、10.73 kg/km2和928.69 t;渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季高于春季;其密集分布于水深为81~90 m(春季)和91~100 m(秋季)处;春季其平均体重、平均体长和优势体长组均大于秋季,其现存资源量为原始资源量的55.85%。针对该海域刺鲳鱼种资源的过度开发和利用,作者提出了一些合理保护和利用该资源的措施。     

国内外鱼类入侵的历史及途径

近年来,由于鱼类入侵,对生态环境造成了严重破坏,经济也遭受巨大损失,现已引起国内外学者的广泛关注。鱼类入侵的前提是人类对其有意无意的相互引进。作者综合国内外大量资料,论述了国际范围内鱼类引种、入侵的历史,概括了国内外鱼类生物入侵的途径,旨在为进一步研究鱼类入侵的机制和防范控制措施提供依据。     

乳酸杆菌LH对水产常用药物的敏感性

采用试管法,以金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25922为质控菌,研究乳酸杆菌LH菌株对氟苯尼考、土霉素、二氧化氯、二溴海因、强力碘的敏感性。结果显示,在5.0×105cfu/mL时,最小抑菌浓度分别为2μg/mL、4μg/mL、16μg/mL、32μg/mL、32μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为16μg/mL、64μg/mL、128μg/mL、128μg/mL、128μg/mL;最小抑菌浓度随着菌悬液浓度(104~107cfu/mL)的增大而升高;在杀菌曲线中,药物对菌的抑制作用随着作用时间的延长而逐渐减弱。     

Marine Collagen: A Promising Biomaterial for Wound Healing,Skin Anti-Aging,and Bone Regeneration

Marine organisms harbor numerous bioactive substances that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Scientific research on various applications of collagen extracted from these organisms has become increasingly prevalent. Marine collagen can be used as a biomaterial because it is water soluble, metabolically compatible, and highly accessible. Upon review of the literature, it is evident that marine collagen is a versatile compound capable of healing skin injuries of varying severity, as well as delaying the natural human aging process. From in vitro to in vivo experiments, collagen has demonstrated its ability to invoke keratinocyte and fibroblast migration as well as vascularization of the skin. Additionally, marine collagen and derivatives have proven beneficial and useful for both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis prevention and treatment. Other bone-related diseases may also be targeted by collagen, as it is capable of increasing bone mineral density, mineral deposition, and importantly, osteoblast maturation and proliferation. In this review, we demonstrate the advantages of marine collagen over land animal sources and the biomedical applications of marine collagen related to bone and skin damage. Finally, some limitations of marine collagen are briefly discussed.     

鱼类栖息地保护技术研究进展

为进一步促进鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的深入开展以及保护技术的推广应用,综述了国内外鱼类栖息地评估方法和保护与修复技术的发展概况,归纳了常用的鱼类栖息地评估方法,总结了鱼类栖息地保护与修复项目中运用的技术,分析了现有保护措施存在的问题,提出了较全面的鱼类栖息地评估方法和修复措施的建议,以期为从事鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的技术人员提供技术参考。     

蛋白酶解对鲣鱼肉乳化特性的改善

天然鱼蛋白乳化性不佳,难以满足实际生产需求,但鱼蛋白的酶解改性可改善其功能特性,并拓展应用范围。以鲣鱼白色肉为原料,以水解度和乳化性为主要指标,比较了不同蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶)和水解时间对酶解液制备和鱼蛋白乳化性的影响,优化了酶解工艺参数。将鱼蛋白进行冷冻干燥后,分析鱼蛋白酶解前后溶解性、乳化性和起泡性等功能特性的差异。结果表明,当胰蛋白酶添加量2 000 U·g^-1,酶解10 min时,鱼蛋白水解度(DH)达到8.2%,此时鱼蛋白乳化特性最佳。与酶解前样品相比,酶解后鱼蛋白的乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著提高,其溶解度、起泡性和起泡稳定性均有一定程度的改善。酶解制备的鲣鱼蛋白在广泛pH范围内具有更好的功能性质,在食品工业具有更高的应用价值。