赤霉素、光照及基因型对花生体细胞胚诱导和植株再生的影响

【目的】完善花生离体再生繁殖体系,为花生的遗传转化提供技术支持。【方法】以桂花系列花生品种为材料,以胚小叶为外植体,MS＋10mg/L2,4-D为体细胞胚诱导基本培养基,MS＋3mg/L6-BA＋0.8mg/LNAA＋（0～15mg/L）GA3为苗诱导基本培养基,研究光照、赤霉素和基因型对花生体细胞胚诱导和植株再生的影响。【结果】在光暗比14∶10条件下,花生体细胞胚诱导率明显高于全黑暗培养,体细胞胚诱导率增加7.5～37.5个百分点。在不同花生品种中,桂花26体细胞胚诱导率最高,达62.8%,桂花833最低,为21.7%。在成苗培养基中添加5～15mg/LGA3利于提高体细胞胚的成苗率。桂花26和桂花771在5mg/LGA3处理下成苗率最高,分别为42.8%和35.3%;桂花836、桂花1026、桂花833在15mg/LGA3作用下成苗率最高,分别为38.7%、33.3%、26.4%。所有品种与GA3组合中,以桂花26与5mg/LGA3组合成苗率最高,其次是桂花836与15mg/LGA3组合。【结论】适宜的光照条件有利于花生体细胞胚的发生;成苗培养基中添加GA3利于促进体细胞胚诱导成苗;桂花26和桂花836是体细胞胚诱导植株再生较理想的材料。     

银杏幼胚离体诱导培养技术研究

该试验以银杏幼胚作为外植体,以0.1％HgCl2 溶液作为消毒剂,设置消毒时间为 6min、8min、10min 三个配比,采用4 种不同配比的诱导培养基配方对银杏幼胚进行诱导培养研 究。通过比较不同消毒时间下银杏幼胚的成活率、萌发率、污染率,及不同诱导培养基上银杏幼 胚萌发成苗的生长状态,最后结果得出:幼胚使用0.1％HgCl2 消毒8min 最佳;MS＋1.0 mg· L-1 6-BA＋1.0mg·L-1 NAA 配方最有利于银杏幼胚诱导。     

基于人工神经网络的森林火险预测

在对河南登封地区火灾发生状况进行有效分析的基础上,以林火发生与其紧密相关的气象因子为基础,运用BP人工神经网络建立了林火发生预测模型,分析得出最好的网络结构为6∶5∶1,建模精度为0.97,98%的样本拟合误差绝对值不超过0.000 7,取得了较好的拟合效果。     

黑尾近红鲐人工繁殖研究

对人工驯化的黑尾近红鲐进行人工药物催情、产卵和孵化。结果表明：用激素PG＋HCG＋LRH—A2、HCG＋LRH—A24-DOM、PG4-LRH—A2＋DOM、HCG＋LRH—A：组合催情,催产率100％,受精率72．4％～97．9％,孵化率63．80％～80．4％。     

Natural and artificially-induced habitat complexity and freshwater fish species composition

Abstract  The effects of habitat complexity, induced by construction of artificial reefs, on the fish assemblages in the Barra Bonita reservoir, Brazil, and in the lotic zone immediately below the dam were studied. Four artificial reefs were constructed in each habitat at variable distances from the shore. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that the factors distance from the shore and type of habitat were determinants for the group formation, and artificial reefs had a lesser effect. Fish species composition was about the same at locations with and without reefs.     

Effect of submerged time of collector ropes on the settlement capacity of Mytilus galloprovincialis L.

Submersion time of collector ropes influences settlement and larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis, which might be related to the biofilm development. In the present study, the effect of submersion time of collector ropes on the settlement of mussel seed was studied. The results of two experiments performed in an experimental long‐line in the Ría de Ares‐Betanzos have established a minimum submersion time of 41–46 days.     

Effect of different ions on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Metamorphic responses of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to different ions were investigated through a series of bioassays. Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) on inductive effects of these above ions were also investigated. Excess ions including Li⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺ and Ca²⁺ induced larval metamorphosis at 10^?3 M to 5 × 10^?2 M in 24‐h exposure assays. In continuous exposure assays, only excess Ca²⁺ showed inductive activity and induced 25% metamorphosis at 5 × 10^?2 M. Larval responses to Li⁺ and Rb⁺were inhibited by TEA, while induction of metamorphosis by Cs⁺and Ca²⁺ was independent of the presence of TEA. Thus, these ions used can be useful inducers of larval metamorphosis for application in the aquaculture industry. The finding provides new insights on the biochemical mechanism controlling larval metamorphosis in this species.     

Genotyping,pedigree reconstruction and endocrinological characterization of Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte, 1836) using microsatellite markers and plasma steroid levels

This study aimed to set up a method for the long‐term management of Adriatic sturgeon, through the analysis of sex steroids and the genetic profiling of individuals in order to maximize the already reduced genetic variability of this species. Ten A. naccarii adults (nine of captive origin, one captured in the Ticino river and then moved into captivity) and eight subadults located in a semi‐natural land‐locked pond in Abbiategrasso (Milan, Italy) were analysed. Plasma testosterone differed significantly in the eight analysed subadults allowing their differentiation into two groups: the first group with an average testosterone concentration of 5.42 ± 1.31 ng/ml (probably female) and the second group with an average of 423.14 ± 75.97 ng/ml (probably male), as subsequently confirmed by artificial stripping. The plasma testosterone level was also significantly different between adult males and females (371.37 ± 43.58 vs. 95.34 ± 51.10 ng/ml), while the E2 levels showed no significant differences. Animals were genotyped on the basis of 10 microsatellite loci and their parental relationships were defined: four adults, two females and two males, generated the eight subadults. On the basis of pedigree analyses and genetic distances, 15 unrelated couples were identified for the future breeding seasons. Finally, the adult female captured in the Ticino River showed an interesting genetic profile, widely different from all of the other 17 specimens analysed, and represents a valuable source of genetic diversity.     

性外激素诱发中华乌塘鳢产卵的初步研究

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P<0.05);贮精囊提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量分别显著高于精巢提取液和卵巢提取液(P<0.05);提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量均依次为贮精囊提取液>精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。     

咸海卡拉白鱼胚胎和仔鱼早期发育

取3+龄咸海卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis)进行全人工繁殖,对受精卵各阶段发育形态进行观察.该鱼受精卵呈圆球状,为沉性卵,微粘性,卵粒白色透明,直径(1.32±0.04) mm.胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、胚孔封闭期、肌节出现期、视泡形成期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、胚动期、心脏搏动、出膜前期和孵化期.水温22～24 ℃时,受精卵经56 h 45 min孵化出仔鱼.胚胎发育所需积温1 232～1 344 h·℃.孵化第1天仔鱼沉卧水底,体色为白色,全长(4.51±0.08) mm;第4天仔鱼平游,开始摄食蛋黄和单细胞藻类;第6天鱼体卵黄囊消失,食轮虫或丰年虫幼体;第10天仔鱼全长(7.60～9.80) mm时下塘,仔鱼摄食浮游生物;第15天仔鱼全长(9.10～11.3) mm摄食人工饲料.