基施黄腐酸钾对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响

为研究黄腐酸钾作为一种腐植酸类肥料对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响,以18生盛果期大棚东魁杨梅树为材料。设秋季基肥施用矿物源黄腐酸钾200 g/株处理和清水对照（CK）。结果表明:基施黄腐酸钾处理与CK相比,春梢梢长、梢粗、叶长、叶宽、叶厚和叶绿素SPAD值分别增加36.16%、-1.23%、13.09%、-0.41%、26.23%和0.77%,梢长、叶长、叶厚的差异显著;大棚杨梅的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、维生素C含量、总黄酮含量和花青素含量分别增加6.03%、3.69%、5.74% 、5.32%、1.15%和6.26% ,总酸含量降低9.42%,除总黄酮含量外均为差异显著,口感和外观得到显著改善。基施黄腐酸钾能有效促进杨梅营养生长,明显改善杨梅果实品质,在生产中具有良好的推广应用价值。     

乌龟肌肉营养价值的评定

分析结果表明,乌龟的水分、总糖、灰分含量分别为80 24%,0 66%和0 95%。乌龟肌肉的蛋白质含量达16 64%,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的49 16%和43 39%,氨基酸组成中以Glu含量最为丰富,Ie是第一限制性氨基酸,氨基酸分为82 63;乌龟肌肉脂肪含量为1 51%,脂肪酸组成以C18∶1为主,达39.32%,其次为C16∶0及C22∶6,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的76 83%。     

Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

Effect of a cytochrome P450 inhibitor on abscisic acid biosynthesis and stomatal regulation in citrus trees in water-stressed conditions

The effect of diniconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, on drought tolerance was examined in ‘Shiranui’ [(Citrus unshiu Marc. × Citrus unshiu Osbeck) × Citrus reticulate Blanco] trees. Diniconazole treatment increased abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaves compared with untreated controls in water-stressed conditions after 20 days of water-stress treatment. Diniconazole significantly decreased the stomatal aperture at 9 h after application compared with untreated controls in water-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic rate decreased in water-stressed conditions; however, regardless of the earlier stomatal closure induced by diniconazole application, the decrease of photosynthetic rate was delayed by the application.     

Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.     

虫草有效成分的研究进展

虫草是一类重要的药用真菌,近年来,研究者对不同种类虫草的化学成分进行了广泛研究。对虫草的化学成分研究进行了总结,主要包括核苷类物质(虫草素、腺苷等)、虫草多糖、D-甘露醇、甾醇、超氧化物歧化酶及氨基酸等。     

高效液相色谱法测定花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留

目前花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的检测是参考国标中茶叶农残的方法,花生仁基质含有大量的油脂和蛋白质,这与茶叶基质有显著区别,且该方法只能定性。本文建立了一种高效液相色谱法定量检测花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的方法。花生仁样品采用乙腈溶液提取后再经过除脂净化处理,以乙腈:0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(加入0.1%的三乙胺,磷酸调pH3.0)体积比1:3作为流动相进行高效液相色谱紫外检测器分析。结果表明:甲咪唑烟酸标准在0~1.2mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9999),检出限为7μg/kg;加标回收率为91.1%~98.9%;精密度、重复性、稳定性都较好。该方法操作简便、分离度好、结果准确,能很好地满足花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量检测的要求。     

菌草竹荪子实体蛋白质营养价值评价

以泰宁和顺昌产地菌草栽培的竹荪为试材,以竹屑栽培的竹荪为对照(CK),采用国际通用方法,研究了菌草竹荪的营养成分,并对其子实体蛋白质的营养价值进行了评价。结果表明:泰宁和顺昌菌草竹荪粗蛋白质含量分别为22.79%、24.01%,均高于竹屑竹荪18.53%、19.47%;粗脂肪含量分别为1.88%及2.01%,均低于竹屑竹荪2.23%及2.38%;氨基酸总量分别为15.44、16.27 g·(100g)^-1,均高于竹屑竹荪10.83、11.38 g·(100g)^-1。对2个产地菌草竹荪蛋白质的营养价值进行评价,发现其氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)低于竹屑竹荪,但其第一限制性氨基酸与竹屑竹荪相一致,均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)及氨基酸相对比值(EAARR)均高于竹屑竹荪;泰宁产菌草竹荪氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)高于竹屑竹荪,但顺昌产菌草竹荪与之相反。通过模糊识别法得出,菌草竹荪与全鸡蛋白贴近度分别为0.82、0.80,高于竹屑竹荪的0.79、0.78。菌草栽培竹荪的蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量低,富含多种碳水化合物及矿物质元素,具有较高的营养价值。     

Role of chlorogenic acid in endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice

AIM: To explore the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice and the possible mechanism. METHODS: Male db/db mice (n=12) were divided into control group and CGA group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in CGA group were treated with diet containing 0.02% CGA, while the mice in control group were given normal diet only. The observation period was 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose level, tail blood pressure and the body weight were analyzed each week. At the end of the 12th week, the mice were anesthetized and blood was taken from carotid artery. The plasma levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) were measured by ELISA. The mouse aortas were isolated, and the superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by DHE and DAF-2 DA staining, respectively. Wire Myograph System was used to detect the vasorelaxation of db/db mouse aorta. The protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (p-eNOS), P22^phox and P47^phox were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Dietary CGA decreased fasting blood glucose and body weight in db/db mice as compared with control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The plasma levels of HO-1, CAT, NQO1 and GPx-1 in CGA group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Administration of CGA for 12 weeks attenuated superoxide anion level, increased NO level in the mouse endothelium and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of the db/db mouse aorta. CGA also increased the protein levels of PPARα, Nrf2, p-AMPK and p-eNOS, and decreased P22^phox and P47^phox levels (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Dietary CGA improves db/db mouse endothelium-dependent relaxation. This effect may be related to the increases in the levels of antioxidant molecules PPARα, Nrf2 and p-AMPK, and the up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, thus decreasing the oxidative stress, promoting eNOS phosphorylation, and increasing NO level.