基于Petri网的产品拆卸过程规划

引用拆卸优先矩阵来描述产品零件间的物理特性,并以优先矩阵为基础,以Petri网为工具,建立了包括零部件回收价值及拆卸成本在内的产品拆卸Petri网模型,采用Petri网基于不变量的性能分析方法,对模型进行求解,得到了满足需求约束的最佳拆卸序列。     

基于模糊评价的可重构制造系统生产计划制订方法

为快速合理地确定可重构制造系统新构形的生产任务,提出了一种生产计划制订方法。首先建立适合可重构制造系统的产品评价指标体系,运用模糊数学的理论和方法,对市场上同时出现的多种新产品进行评价,以选出适合于制造系统新构形的生产对象。在此基础上,构建了可重构制造系统生产计划的目标规划模型,并采用序贯式算法进行求解,从而制订出可重构制造系统的最优生产计划。     

灌区田间灌溉蓄水工程的规模优选

针对灌区缺乏调蓄的实际情况,提出了一个优选田间灌溉蓄水工程规模的模型。模型同时考虑灌区来水与用水的随机性,以旬为分析时段单元,生成泉源来水和灌溉需水的人工长系列,基于蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法,模拟计算了不同规模的蓄水工程在设计运行期内对灌溉区农业的增产效益,以净效益最大为标准优选田间蓄水池规模,结果表明,对于单位灌溉面积最优的蓄水工程规模为2100 m³,相应的灌溉可靠度提高到95.0%。     

土地利用的弹性规划研究

市场经济越发达,经济生活中的不确定因素就越多。经济的不可预见性和难以预测性导致土地利用的变异性增加,从而对土地利用规划的弹性提出了要求。该文首次明确地界定了土地利用弹性规划的涵义;探讨了土地利用弹性规划的内容和研究方法。通过弹性比计算和弹性区间确定、评价目标和评价体系设计、以及柔性决策模型等方法对土地利用规划中的弹性预测、弹性评价、弹性决策以及弹性用地分区进行了探讨,结果表明：土地利用的弹性规划能较好地适应经济生活中不确定因素导致的用地数量、用地结构、用地方式等方面的变化。     

云南昆明“楠竹公社”竹子公园规划与建设

竹子历来是中国造园艺术的主要植物用材,其特有的形状、颜色、姿态等具有很高的观赏价值。云南昆明市西山区“楠竹公社”竹子公园是一个以竹景观和竹文化为特色的生态公园。文章详细介绍了竹子公园的功能分区、竹种选择、竹种栽植和管护技术。文章认为,该竹子公园集生态旅游、休闲康养、竹文化知识传播、竹制品展示为一体,既充分考虑现代都市人回归自然、感受自然的需求,又重视人文精神,展现竹文化内涵;竹子公园的建设对于云南昆明地区现代林业资源利用、旅游开发、生态建设、绿色经济发展等具有重大意义。     

贵州凤冈县有机农业发展规划与对策

在全面分析区域概况和有机农业开发优势、存在主要问题的基础上,探讨了贵州省凤冈县有机农业发展规划的总体布局,在发展思路、重点产业、营销体系和保障体系等诸多方面进行了全面策划,并提出了凤冈县有机农业发展的对策.     

农村居民点用地混合利用对乡村活力的影响：基于山东省的实证研究

土地混合利用是提高土地利用集约度、激发地区活力的重要途径。本研究构建了农村居民点用地混合利用与乡村活力关系的分析框架,并以山东省为例,运用辛普森多样化指数、多因素综合评价法、相关性检验等探究农村居民点用地混合利用对乡村活力的影响。结果表明：2010—2018年山东农村居民点用地混合利用指数增速高、中、低区（县）的乡村活力指数增速分别为84.70%、60.74%、50.33%,农村居民点用地混合利用增速越快,乡村活力发展越快;2010年山东农村居民点用地混合利用程度低、中、高区（县）的乡村活力指数分别为0.13、0.23、0.29,2018年分别为0.19、0.24、0.38,农村居民点用地混合利用程度越高,乡村活力水平越高;Spearman相关性分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验结果表明,农村居民点用地混合利用程度与乡村活力显著相关,且对乡村活力具有激发作用。研究认为,农村居民点用地混合利用是激发乡村活力的有效途径,这为编制村庄规划、助推乡村振兴提供新思路。     

Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

Random point sampling to detect gain and loss in tree canopy cover in response to urban densification

Urban tree canopy cover (UTC) is a simple, and common, measure of urban forest resource. Urban infill development is likely to lead to losses in UTC under private tenure, at a time when local governments are setting ambitious targets to increase UTC overall. Simple, statistically rigorous methods are required to benchmark and track change in UTC, whilst identifying which land-use types or tenures experience change.We estimated UTC in six Melbourne suburbs in 2010 and 2015 by randomly sampling 2000 points across public land, public streetscapes and private land. We were able to detect a net change in UTC of <2% over five years to a 95% level of confidence. A significant net decrease in UTC (−2.4%) was only detected in one of the six suburbs. Two suburbs had a net increase in UTC by +2.7% over five years. On private land, there was often areas of UTC loss, but this was generally offset by canopy gain in other areas of the private realm as well as in streetscapes and public land. Losses in UTC on private land were mainly due to tree removal, with or without subsequent construction works.This study describes a simple, but statistically rigorous, method to quantify UTC change and the drivers of change in different land-use types and tenure. Despite studying two suburbs will high rates of infill development, only one suburb showed evidence of net UTC decrease. The ‘dynamic equilibrium’ in UTC, whereby canopy losses area approximately offset by concurrent canopy gain, means that ambitious targets being set by local governments to increase UTC may be difficult to achieve without changes in tree protection and infill development policy and planning.     

我国渔用疫苗的研制

翻开疫苗学的发展史,镌刻着以下里程碑：1796年Jenner首次发现预防天花的牛痘疫苗,开创了疫苗免疫防病的新纪元,1870年Pasteur发明了第一个兽禽疫苗-鸡霍乱细菌减毒活疫苗,1942年Duff研制了第一个渔用疫苗——杀鲑气单胞菌疫苗,1986年我国第一个渔用疫苗——草鱼出血病细胞培养灭活疫苗诞生。