超声波提取杨梅疏果核仁中苦杏仁苷工艺研究

为了明确杨梅疏果核仁中苦杏仁苷的提取方法,采用丁岙种杨梅的疏果为原料,以苦杏仁苷提取率为响应值,在超声波提取单因素试验和二水平试验的基础上,选择乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度作为试验因子,利用Design Expert 80软件进行三因素三水平的响应面试验设计,并建立二次回归方程的预测模型。试验确定了杨梅疏果核仁中苦杏仁苷的最佳提取工艺条件: 乙醇浓度27%,料液比1∶45 (m/V),提取时间20 min,提取温度44℃,超声功率250 W。在该条件下苦杏仁苷理论提取率为9403%,实际提取率为9380%,与模型预测值基本相符。     

干露对三疣梭子蟹抗氧化和应激能力的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了干露时间(0.5、1.5和3 h)胁迫对三疣梭子蟹抗氧化能力和应激能力的影响,初步探讨了能够较灵敏地指示梭子蟹健康状况的胁迫指标。结果显示:(1)干露时间胁迫对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著影响(P0.05);但干露时间显著影响肝胰脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达量和肌肉乳酸含量(P0.05)。(2)0.5 h干露胁迫后,SOD活力在入水恢复4 h时达到峰值;MDA含量在入水恢复2~10 h内显著高于对照组水平(P0.05);T-AOC水平在恢复阶段基本维持在对照组水平。1.5和3 h干露后,SOD活力在入水恢复阶段一直维持在对照组水平,且各时间点与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。1.5 h干露后MDA含量在入水恢复阶段呈先升高后降低趋势,各时间点与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);而3 h干露后入水恢复10 h时显著增加(P0.05)。1.5 h干露后入水恢复4 h时,T-AOC水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);3 h干露后入水恢复0.5 h时显著升高(P0.05),2~10 h内基本恢复到对照组水平。干露时间胁迫后,乳酸含量均在入水恢复0.5 h时达到最大值;HSP70表达量均在入水恢复2~4 h内达到峰值。研究表明,相比于其他所选指标,T-AOC水平能够较敏感地反映干露时间胁迫对机体的生理状态的影响;SOD和MDA相互配合能够较灵敏地反映不同干露时长后机体在恢复阶段的免疫水平。     

响应面法优化酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取

以雪莲果为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取辅助酶法提取雪莲果菊糖工艺。结果表明,酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取雪莲果菊糖最佳工艺为：雪莲果粉碎度80目,木瓜蛋白酶用量10 mg/g,萃取压力32 MPa,萃取温度52 ℃,CO2流量30 L/h,此时雪莲果菊糖得率可达84.37%。酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取法较传统提取法（酶法、微波法、超临界CO2萃取法）相比,无论提取时间还是菊糖得率都有明显的提升。     

Response of Leek (Allium porrum L.) to Different Irrigation Water Levels Under Rain Shelter

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on water-use efficiency, yield and growth parameters of leek (Allium porrum L.) and was carried out in the practical research field of Ondokuz May?s University in Turkey. Different irrigation water levels were based on the weight changes of each pot and included 5 irrigation treatments [25% (I₂₅), 50% (I₅₀), 75% (I₇₅), 100% (I₁₀₀) and 118% (I₁₁₈) times of consumed water]. Decreases in irrigation water resulted in decreases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area, but did not significantly affect leaf number or chlorophyll content. A yield-response factor of 1.26 was obtained, implying that the leek crop was sensitive to water stress caused by deficit irrigation. Comprehensive analysis of yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration, the I₇₅ treatment can be suggested for leek production in water-scarce regions.     

Effect of excess zinc and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on bioproduction and trace element nutrition of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom)

ABSTRACT

The effect of excess Zn and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on bioproduction and trace element nutrition were investigated in tomato. In a completely randomized factorial design, the experimental treatments – Zn addition at 0 (normal) and 300 (excess) mg Zn kg^?1 soil, and AM inoculation (non-AM and Rhizophagus irregularis) – were set up in a growth chamber for 10 weeks. Generally, AM effects on the available Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in the rhizosphere soil were in tandem with the effects in host tissues. Under normal Zn condition, AM enhanced Cu availability in the rhizosphere, optimized the Cu:Zn balance in shoots, and increased the host biomass production. Excess Zn reduced mycorrhizal colonization in AM plants and the total plant biomass in both AM and non-AM plants. Although AM decreased the Zn concentrations in soil and host tissues under excess Zn, the distortions in host TE balance were not significantly ameliorated by the fungus. While Zn in fruit was within the safety threshold, Mn deficiency in the fruit was observed under excess Zn, alongside increased root-to-fruit Fe and Cu translocations. Mycorrhizal reductions in soil and tissue Mn concentrations were considered a minus in terms of probable symbiont amelioration of Mn:Zn in-balance under excess Zn. Additional microbe(s) that can enhance Mn homeostasis might be helpful in tomato under elevated soil Zn.     

割前摘脱收获机立式离心分离复脱清选装置优化

针对水稻割前摘脱脱出物草谷比低和处理量大的特点,为提高谷物脱出物的处理能力,设计了一种可循环喂入的立式离心分离复脱清选装置并对其进行了响应面优化试验。以喂入速度和螺旋输送器转速为影响因素,以分离率、复脱率和破碎率为试验指标,通过二次正交旋转中心组合试验得到了其性能指标和工作参数的响应曲面模型。利用Design-Expert软件分析各参数对性能指标的交互作用可知,输送器转速对分离率、复脱率和破碎率的影响较大,而喂入速度则较小。通过多目标优化,得到最佳工作参数:输送器转速541.4 r/min、喂入量1.226 kg/s;在该参数组合下的期望结果:分离率为90.4%、复脱率为66.1%、破碎率为0.77%;在该参数组合下的验证性试验结果:分离率为89.4%、复脱率为65.2%、破碎率为0.83%。结果表明立式离心分离复脱清选装置处理效率高,谷物损伤小,能够适应对割前摘脱脱出物的处理要求。     

芥菜籽中异硫氰酸酯提取工艺的优化

以芥菜籽为试材,异硫氰酸酯提取率为考察指标,采用超声提取法,分别设超声温度(40、50、60、70、80℃),超声时间(20、30、40、50、60 min)和乙醇体积分数(65%、75%、85%、95%、100%)3个单因素试验,再在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面试验,优化芥菜籽中异硫氰酸酯的提取工艺。结果表明:乙醇体积分数为70%,超声温度为50℃、超声时间为40 min时,芥菜籽中异硫氰酸酯提取率较高,为2.199%。     

内蒙古典型草原黄囊苔草生长动态对气象因子的滞后响应分析

在全球变化与陆地生态系统关系的研究中,气候和植被相关关系的研究具有非常重要的意义。本文以2014年内蒙古草原生态系统定位站提供的气象数据资料为基础,运用灰色相对关联度以及含有时滞参数的灰色系统模型,分析了内蒙古典型草原区域尺度黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)地上生物量对6种气象因子的响应。结果表明:黄囊苔草对6种气象因子的响应均有滞后效应。黄囊苔草地上生物量对降水量、气温、地温、蒸发量、相对湿度、日照时数的响应分别滞后10,16,16,10,15,5d。此结果将有助于更加深入理解气象因子对植物群落的影响机制,并为草地植被生产力建模与定量预测提供信息基础,以期在实践应用中发挥更高的价值。     

Factors affecting the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum and its colonization on tobacco roots

Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.     

胶孢炭疽菌CgSho1基因的克隆与功能分析

HOG-MAPK(high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase)信号途径是真菌MAPK途径中参与渗透压响应的一条重要通路,在植物病原菌生长发育及致病过程中发挥着重要的作用。Sho1(synthetic high osmolarity-sensitive protein1)是HOG-M APK信号途径上游的一个重要感受器,在不同真菌中常具有不同的功能。本研究从胶孢炭疽菌中克隆了Sho1的同源基因,命名为Cg Sho1,该基因编码一个291个氨基酸的蛋白,含有4个跨膜结构域和一个SH3功能域。利用同源重组的方法获得了该基因的敲除突变体,与野生型相比,敲除突变体表现为营养生长缓慢,菌丝稀疏且疏水性增强,产孢量下降,对氧化压力和渗透压更加敏感,致病力明显减弱。上述结果表明,Cg Sho1参与调控胶胞炭疽菌的营养生长、分生孢子产量、氧化应激反应、渗透压响应及致病性。