超声波辅助双水相提取枇杷叶中的黄酮及其抗氧化研究

研究采用超声波辅助乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取枇杷叶中的黄酮,采用羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除体系考察其抗氧化活性.结果 显示,超声辅助双水相提取枇杷叶黄酮的较优工艺为:超声温度40℃、超声时间40 min、液料比30 mL/g、硫酸铵用量8 g、超声功率270 W、乙醇浓度35％.在此条件下,黄酮的提取量为10.82 ...     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸在猪生产中的研究进展

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)是精氨酸合成链中N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)的类似物,可替代NAG作为机体合成精氨酸的外源前体物质,在畜禽生产具有增强机体免疫能力、促进生长发育、提高繁殖性能、改善胴体品质等作用.文章结合近年国内外研究结果就NCG的主要生物学作用及其在猪生产的应用效果作一综述,以期为NCG在猪生产中的广泛应用提供...     

锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清中抗氧化生化指标的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为:50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为:30、60mg/kg,维生素A(VA)的添加浓度为:1500、3000、6000 IU/kg。以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、VA同时添加时,三者间在肉仔鸡血清抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。研究结果表明:从血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量4个血液生化指标来看,锌、铁和VA三者之间表现出了显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。并且综合血清生化指标分析,锌、铁和VA的最适添加量分别为100mg/kg、60mg/kg和3000 IU/kg。     

陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚(TP)、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄雄性北京鸭192只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只。以储存3年玉米作为能量原料,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(不添加饲料抗氧化剂),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg TP、维生素E和BHT的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),BHT对肉鸭生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及42日龄血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05);BHT能显著提高21日龄血清T-AOC以及21和42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05)。由此可见,陈玉米饲粮中添加TP和维生素E对肉鸭生长性能以及抗氧化功能均有不同程度的改善,而BHT只改善了肉鸭的抗氧化功能。陈玉米饲粮中添加TP效果最好。     

Effects of dietary inclusion of Rhus coriaria on internal milieu of rabbits

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Rhus coriaria L. inclusion to the diet on some biochemical, haematological parameters and the level of antioxidant status of male rabbits. Adult rabbits were divided into five groups: one control (C) and four experimental groups. Experimental animals received sumac per os in feed in various doses (0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.50%) for 90 days. Significant increase in PDWc (platelet distribution width) in E3 group when compared with control group was recorded. Sumac administration resulted in decreased cholesterol levels in all experimental groups vs. control group. Significantly lower level of cholesterol was found in E4 group with highest dose of sumac (1.50%). Higher values of total antioxidant status (TAS) and albumins were observed in all experimental groups in comparison with control group. A significant increase in TAS was detected in group E1 and E4. Concentrations of albumins were significantly higher in groups E3 and E4 vs. control group. Sumac administration had no significant effect on bilirubin content. In conclusion, these results show a positive effect of sumac consumption on antioxidant status and cholesterol level in adult male rabbits.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)对罗斯308肉鸡抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。试验选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡216羽,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中添加B.subtilis105CFU/g。饲养试验期为42d。结果表明:与对照组相比,处理组肉鸡日增重提高了12.20%(P0.05),血清与肝脏的总抗氧化能力(P0.05)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.01)显著增加;血清中丙二醛(MDA)、NO及肝脏中MDA水平(P0.05)显著降低。此外,日粮中添加B.subtilis显著提高了肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和血清中IgG水平(P0.05),而对脾脏指数及血清中溶菌酶、白介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α等指标无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加适量B.subtilis可通过提高肉鸡的抗氧化与免疫功能而改善其生长性能。     

大蜜蜂和东方蜜蜂防御行为的比较研究

在云南西双版纳基诺乡的橡胶林和云南农大东方蜜蜂研究所试验蜂场里,分别选择大蜜蜂(Apisdorsata)和东方蜜蜂(Apiscerana)各1群,观察、记录蜂群在受惊扰后蜜蜂的攻击行为。东方蜜蜂在受惊扰后,每次参加攻击的工蜂平均个体数为38只,攻击时间为1.37min,追逐的距离为22m;而大蜜蜂在受惊扰后,每次参加攻击的工蜂平均个体数为510只,攻击时间为131min,追逐的距离为342m。结果表明:与在洞穴、蜂箱内营巢的东方蜜蜂相比,露天营巢的大蜜蜂具有很强的防御和攻击能力。     

转YHem1 番茄植株耐盐性的研究

 YHem1是一个由拟南芥HemA1启动子（一种光响应型启动子）控制的酿酒酵母菌5–氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）合酶基因（Hem1）。将该基因转化番茄植株,可以提高叶片内源ALA含量及其代谢能力,增加叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,并降低产生速率和丙二醛（MDA）含量。200 mmol ·L^-1 NaCl处理,降低了野生型番茄叶片ALA合成与代谢能力和叶绿素含量,同时诱导叶片产生速率、H₂O₂和丙二醛（MDA）含量上升,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等抗氧化酶活性则逐渐降低。盐胁迫也导致转YHem1番茄ALA合成与代谢能力、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性下降,但其降幅明显低于野生型。盐处理10 d后,转基因番茄植株保持着较高的生物学积累量和较低的盐胁迫抑制程度,说明转入YHem1基因可以提高番茄耐盐性。此外,转基因番茄叶片H₂O₂含量始终保持较高水平,暗示其可能作为一种信号分子参与细胞生理调节。     

Increased Sulfation in Gracilaria fisheri Sulfated Galactans Enhances Antioxidant and Antiurolithiatic Activities and Protects HK-2 Cell Death Induced by Sodium Oxalate

Urolithiasis is a common urological disease characterized by the presence of a stone anywhere along the urinary tract. The major component of such stones is calcium oxalate, and reactive oxygen species act as an essential mediator of calcium oxalate crystallization. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of sulfated polysaccharides. In this study, native sulfated galactans (N-SGs) with a molecular weight of 217.4 kDa from Gracilaria fisheri were modified to obtain lower molecular weight SG (L-SG) and also subjected to sulfation SG (S-SG). The in vitro antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of the modified substances and their ability to protect against sodium oxalate-induced renal tubular (HK-2) cell death were investigated. The results revealed that S-SG showed more pronounced antioxidant activities (DPPH and O₂⁻ scavenging activities) than those of other compounds. S-SG exhibited the highest antiurolithiatic activity in terms of nucleation and aggregation, as well as crystal morphology and size. Moreover, S-SG showed improved cell survival and increased anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein in HK-2 cells treated with sodium oxalate. Our findings highlight the potential application of S-SG in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.