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211.
试验旨在研究酵母多糖对空肠弯曲菌感染獭兔生产性能、载菌量、盲肠和皮肤抗菌肽的影响。选取断奶獭兔180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他4组空肠弯曲菌感染,并于基础日粮中分别添加0、200、400、600 mg/kg酵母多糖。饲养试验起始日诱导空肠弯曲菌感染,饲养试验持续35 d。结果显示,空肠弯曲菌感染降低了獭兔结束体重、日增重和日采食量,提高了料重比(P < 0.05),添加酵母多糖改善了这些指标(P < 0.05),且日增重和料重比达到了对照组水平。酵母多糖降低了獭兔盲肠食糜、皮肤、肝脏、脾脏的空肠弯曲菌载菌量(P < 0.05)。空肠弯曲菌感染诱导内源性抗菌肽的Cathelicidin、Galectin-3和LEAP2基因表达量显著上调(P < 0.05),对DEFA4基因无显著影响,而添加酵母多糖对基因表达量具有进一步上调作用(P < 0.05)。酵母多糖添加剂量与结束体重、日增重呈现线性和平方效应关系(P<0.05);与皮肤、肝脏和脾脏载菌量呈现线性效应(P<0.05);与盲肠和皮肤抗菌肽Cathelicidin和Galectin-3基因表达水平呈现线性效应(P<0.05);与盲肠抗菌肽Galectin-3、LEAP2和DEFA4基因呈现平方效应(P<0.05)。表明日粮添加酵母多糖可以降低空肠弯曲菌感染獭兔组织载菌量,提高内源抗菌肽活性,不影响獭兔生产性能。  相似文献   
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为探究抗菌肽NZ2114对无乳链球菌的体外抑制效果和相关机制,本试验以无乳链球菌ATCC 13813为研究对象,通过最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)、杀菌动力学、抗生素后效应和电镜学试验对抗菌肽NZ2114杀菌特性和杀菌机制进行评价,并进一步分析其对无乳链球菌生物膜和持留菌的抑制和消除作用。结果显示,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813的MIC为0.23 μmol/L,对3株奶牛乳腺炎临床分离菌株CAU-FRI 1、2和3的MIC均为0.11 μmol/L,万古霉素对以上4株受试菌株的MIC值均为0.67 μmol/L,因此NZ2114的抗菌活性是万古霉素的2.91和6.09倍。同时,2×MIC、4×MIC浓度的NZ2114可在0.5 h内杀灭99.9%细菌,且持续药效作用可达270 min。扫描电镜结果显示,NZ2114处理后,细菌表面出现皱缩甚至破裂,细菌产生的生物膜消除。NZ2114在2×MIC下,24 h对早期生物膜抑制率为99.9%;在32×MIC下,24 h对成熟生物膜消除率达99.9%。此外,NZ2114在16×MIC时,对生物膜内的菌体具有99.9%以上的杀灭效果;万古霉素无法清除的持留菌经0.5×MIC的NZ2114处理后,也可以达到99%以上的消除率。激光共聚焦结果显示,NZ2114处理后的生物膜厚度从28.48 μm减少到10.32 μm,证明了其强效杀菌和抑制生物膜的作用。上述结果表明,NZ2114对无乳链球菌ATCC 13813杀菌活性高、速度快、抑制/去除生物膜能力强,并对膜内菌及持留菌具有高效杀菌作用,且作用显著高于万古霉素。因此,NZ2114具有开发成为治疗由无乳链球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎新型制剂的潜力。  相似文献   
213.
    
This observational study aimed to determine MRSA prevalence using strain‐specific real‐time PCR at the pig level, stratified by age groupings, within a pig enterprise. A total of 658 samples were collected from individual pigs (n = 618) and the piggery environment (n = 40), distributed amongst five different pig age groups. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of mecA, and MALDI‐TOF was performed for species verification. All isolates were tested against 18 different antimicrobials. MRSA was isolated from 75.2% (95% CI 71.8–78.6) of samples collected from pigs, and 71% of the MRSA isolates from this source were identified as community‐associated (CA)‐MRSA ST93, while the remainder were livestock‐associated (LA)‐MRSA ST398. Amongst environmental isolates, 80% (CI 64.3–95.7) were ST93 and the remainder ST398. All MRSA isolates from pigs and the environment were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Phenotypic rates of resistance were penicillin (100%), clindamycin (97.6%), erythromycin (96.3%), ceftiofur (93.7%), chloramphenicol (81.2%), tetracycline (63.1%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (63.9%). A low prevalence of resistance (9.2%) was observed against neomycin and quinupristin–dalfopristin. The probability of MRSA carriage in dry sows (42.2%) was found to be significantly lower (p < .001) when compared to other age groups: farrowing sows (76.8%, RR1.82), weaners (97.8%, RR 2.32), growers (94.2%, RR 2.23) and finishers (98.3%, RR 2.33). Amongst different production age groups, a significant difference was also found in antimicrobial resistance for amoxicillin–clavulanate, neomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Using the RT‐PCR assay adopted in this study, filtering of highly prevalent ST93 and non‐ST93 isolates was performed at high throughput and low cost. In conclusion, this study found that weaner pigs presented a higher risk for CA‐MRSA and antimicrobial resistance compared to other age groups. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MRSA outbreaks should be approached under the One‐Health context.  相似文献   
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215.
    
Since the last decades, nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences. The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size. Formulations involving noble metallic nanoparticles(NMNPs) offer novel technologies to boost agricultural productivity and minimize conventional pesticide use. The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer improves plant growth and enhances nutrient uptake efficiency. Noble metallic nanoparticles act as antim...  相似文献   
216.
豆浆富含植物蛋白,但由于植物蛋白相较动物蛋白不易被人体吸收。利用产蛋白酶菌株发酵豆浆,可将植物蛋白降解成多肽和氨基酸,提高其消化吸收率。传统农家酱是以大豆为主要原料的传统发酵食品,含有大量能够水解大豆蛋白的优良菌株。该研究从传统农家酱中分离到8株产蛋白酶的芽孢杆菌并用于豆浆处理,处理后豆浆的可溶性肽含量显著提高,其中菌株BJ-20处理效果最显著;氨基态氮含量和水解度也有显著变化,其中BJ-6处理后的豆浆最佳,氨基态氮含量提高了10.87%,水解度为23.49%。同时,处理后豆浆的组织状态得到了明显改善。本研究丰富了豆类发酵菌种库,提高了大豆蛋白利用率,丰富了大豆产品种类,为大豆保健产品开发提供参考及理论支持。  相似文献   
217.
以肉骨粉为主要发酵基质,以纳豆菌(Bacillus natto)NT-6作为发酵菌和功能菌进行固态发酵,制备微生物肥料.以菌量为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面设计确定最佳发酵条件,并在此基础上利用盆栽试验探索成品对作物茎基腐病病原菌——立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)的抗性.结果显示,将肉骨粉...  相似文献   
218.
    
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219.
    
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.  相似文献   
220.
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