中美动物源微生物耐药性监测对比研究

抗微生物药物在保障动物健康和食品安全方面发挥了重要作用,为了应对日益严峻的微生物耐药性问题,动物源微生物耐药性监测是应对微生物耐药性风险的重要防控策略。在“同一健康体系”工作框架下,中国和美国积极进行动物源微生物耐药性监测。本文通过对比研究中美动物源微生物耐药性系统的监测设计、监测对象和监测数据应用情况,结合我国畜牧兽医行业现状,立足我国动物源微生物耐药性监测客观需求,旨在为我国动物源微生物耐药性监测工作提供参考。     

Susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in equine ulcerative keratitis: Implications for empirical treatment at a university teaching hospital in Sydney

Corneal ulceration is a common ophthalmic condition in horses. It is frequently caused by trauma to the corneal surface, followed by secondary infection by commensal or pathogenic organisms including Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Emerging antimicrobial resistance amongst these organisms has raised the need for appropriate antimicrobial therapy selection, to optimise treatment efficacy while minimising further antimicrobial resistance. Medical records of 38 horses presented at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden for ulcerative keratitis between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed to identify those with positive bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles (13/38). Common susceptibility patterns were identified and used to guide the empirical treatment of equine bacterial corneal ulcers. Pseudomonas spp. (64.3%), Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (14.3%) and Actinobacillus spp. (14.3%) were most commonly identified. Susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 100%, 66.7% and 85.7% Pseudomonas spp. isolates respectively. Resistance to polymyxin B and neomycin occurred in 85.7% and 71.4% of Pseudomonas spp., respectively. All Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus organisms in this study were susceptible to ceftiofur, cephalexin, penicillin and ampicillin, while they were all resistant to gentamicin, neomycin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. Predominating in this study, Pseudomonas spp. maintained overall aminoglycoside susceptibility despite some emerging resistance, and good fluoroquinolone susceptibility. High resistance to Polymyxin B could have arisen from its common use as first-line therapy for bacterial corneal ulcers. Although further research is required, these new findings about predominant bacteria in equine corneal ulceration in the Camden region and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can be used to guide the empirical treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers in horses.     

添加纳米粒子的塑料包装材料在杨梅保鲜中的作用

纳米技术应用在杨梅保鲜包装上是一个新的尝试,它采用了交互性实验设计方案,将银纳米材料添加进塑料制成包装材料,可观测其保鲜效果.结果表明,纳米塑料包装材料和纳米奇冰石在提高杨梅好果率和延长货架期方面有正面效果;同时,在抑制VC分解方面具有一定的作用.     

Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.     

菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组含信号肽分泌蛋白的鉴定与分析

利用菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组测序结果,结合计算机技术和生物信息学分析方法,对菜豆根瘤菌蛋白质组中的分泌蛋白进行预测和分析,以便更深入地了解共生固氮的分子机制。经过分析发现,在该根瘤菌5 963个蛋白质中,具有信号肽的分泌蛋白332个,占总数的5.4%主要涉及底物转运、物质代谢和信号转导等方面。在有功能描述的186个分泌蛋白中,识别了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分泌系统和丝氨酸蛋白酶,这些蛋白质可能参与了根瘤菌对宿主植物的侵染,是两者分子对话的关键参与者;在假定蛋白中,通过结构域分析,发现了SH3b、BA14K和EFh结构域,含有这些结构域的分泌蛋白可能参与了根瘤信号转导途径。在根瘤菌共生结瘤过程中,分泌蛋白发挥了重要作用。     

抗菌肽Shiva A基因在转基因柑橘无性繁殖后代中的遗传与表达分析

为进一步明确外源基因在转基因柑橘无性繁殖后代中的遗传稳定性及目标性状表现,本研究以转双价抗菌肽基因(ShivaA-cecropinB)纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus Sinensis Osbeck)无性繁殖后代植株为材料,通过PCR扩增,Southern杂交和实时定量PCR检测,以及温室抗病性评价分析等,对抗菌肽ShivaA基因在转基因柑橘后代株系中的遗传稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,外源抗菌肽Shiva A基因在转基因及其无性后代中能够稳定整合与表达.Southern杂交分析表明,ShivaA基因在无性繁殖后代基因组中为1个拷贝,而在T0代中为2个拷贝,由此推测T0代植株为混合嵌合体.定量PCR分析表明,ShivaA基因在To代中的表达水平低于其无性繁殖后代.本研究中外源基因的表达与拷贝数的多少成负相关.研究结果为开展转基因柑橘安全性评价提供了有用的实验材料,积累了有效的实验数据.     

天然防腐剂的防腐机理及抑菌效果研究现状

食品防腐保鲜是食品工业中的一个重要课题,为了延长食品的货架期,保持食品新鲜、不变质,需要在食品中添加防腐剂。阐述了几种植物提取物、动物提取物和微生物防腐剂及其防腐机理。     

酪蛋白酶解改性研究进展

酪蛋白酶法改性不仅可以提高人体对酪蛋白的消化吸收,其水解产物中含有许多生理活性肽。从酪蛋白的酶解方法和酶解产物功能性角度,综述了相关国内外研究进展。