Vasonatrin peptide attenuates injuries of dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

AIM：To investigate the neuroprotective effects of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) on the injury of dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). METHODS：Cultured dopaminergic neurons from the mouse ventral mesencephalon were exposed to MPP+, and the effects of VNP on the neurotoxicity of MPP+ were eva-luated by cell viability analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Various kinds of agonists and antagonists were used to clarify the mechanism underlying the effects of VNP. RESULTS：MPP+ caused injuries in the dopaminergic neurons. VNP significantly increased the viability, axon number and axon length of the dopaminergic neurons. The MPP+-induced depolymerization of β-tubulin Ⅲ was also attenuated by the treatment with VNP. In addition, VNP significantly increased the intracellular levels of cGMP. These effects of VNP were mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP (a cell-permeable analog of cGMP), whereas inhibited by HS-142-1 ［the antagonist of the particulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)］, or KT-5823 ［a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor］. CONCLUSION：VNP attenuates the neurotoxicity of MPP+ via guanylyl cyclase-coupled NPR/cGMP/PKG pathway, indicating that VNP might be a new effective reagent in the treatment of neural degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease.     

微囊化技术在制造常温型活菌酸奶中的应用

[目的]活菌型酸奶具有肠道保健功能主要得益于其中的活性乳酸菌,但在产品运输、货架期内活性乳酸菌会快速死亡,直接限制了酸奶健康功效的发挥。[方法]引入细胞微囊化和复合生物防腐剂技术,通过筛选合适的芯材和囊材,构建了适用于活性乳酸菌的微囊包埋体系,并采用复合生物抑菌剂对酸奶体系进行微生物质控,通过添加酸奶稳定剂强化酸奶在常温下的稳定性,实现在常温环境下活菌数的大幅提高。[结果]实现产品在常温30℃环境下保存30天,活性乳酸菌含量能达到初始含量的53.6%,微囊外微生物浓度为0,酸奶质地未有任何变化,脂肪上浮厚度为0.5 mm;风味评分8分以上,占比97%。     

粗提牛白细胞抗菌肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

将粗提牛白细胞抗菌肽分别以低、中、高剂量(1.5,7.5,15 g·L~(-1))灌胃小鼠,0.2 mL·只~(-1);对照组分别为灌施体积分数为0.01%醋酸溶液和10 g·L~(-1)的牛血清白蛋白各0.2 mL.测定小鼠的细胞吞噬功能和免疫器官指数;同时采用流式细胞术测定小鼠外同血中T淋巴细胞亚群的总数及各亚群的百分数.结果表明,7.5 g·L~(-1)的粗提牛白细胞抗菌肽能明显提高小鼠的免疫器官指数(P<0.05),增强小鼠的细胞吞噬功能(P<0.05)以及小鼠外周血CD3~+,CD4~+及CD8~+T淋巴细胞的百分数(P<0.01),而高剂量组比中剂量有所降低.7.5 g·L~(-1)的粗提牛白细胞抗菌肽能明显增强小鼠的免疫功能,提高机体的免疫水平.     

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging threat in human and veterinary medicine. There are few reports about infections caused by MDR isolates in horses. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of infections caused by MDR bacteria at the Equine Hospital Zurich between 2012 and 2015. Medical records were searched for horses with confirmed MDR bacterial infection. Multidrug resistance was defined according to human guidelines specific for each pathogen. MDR isolates were most commonly isolated from post-procedural infections (53/110, 48%), followed by musculoskeletal (16/110, 15%) and soft tissue infections (16/110, 15%). Escherichia coli (32/158, 20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25/158, 16%) were the most common isolates. High resistance rates precluded therapy with commonly used antimicrobial drugs. The overall mortality rate was 20% (22/108) but depended on the localisation of the infection. Antimicrobial treatment prior to development of infection was reported for 89% (91/102) of horses. This study showed that MDR pathogens, mainly MDR E. coli and MRSA, cause a considerable number of infections in horses. A wide range of infections was seen, however, nosocomial infections predominated. These cases are typically hospitalised, pretreated with antibiotics, and suffering from comorbidities putting them at high-risk for acquiring infections caused by MDR isolates. The mortality of such infections was generally low but depended on site of infection.     

宿主防御肽在奶牛乳腺中的表达及应用

宿主防御肽是生物体内产生的一类具有抗菌作用的阳离子多肽,是生物体非特异性免疫功能的重要组成部分。宿主防御肽具有广谱、抗菌、耐热、无毒、不易产生耐药性等诸多特性,在畜牧生产中具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要对宿主防御肽在先天免疫系统中的作用、奶牛乳腺中的表达及乳房炎诊断与治疗应用的研究进展进行综述,为宿主防御肽作为抗生素替代品在畜牧生产中的研究与应用提供理论支持。     

某猪场支气管败血波氏杆菌和化脓隐秘杆菌混合感染的病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

支气管败血波氏杆菌是引起猪萎缩性鼻炎的病原之一,化脓隐秘杆菌是一种感染牛、羊、猪等动物的机会致病菌.国内目前没有关于二者混合感染猪的报道.本研究从陕西省某猪场发病仔猪肺脏中分离出两株病原菌,经染色镜检、生化试验和16S rDNA测序鉴定,确定病原菌为支气管败血波氏杆菌和化脓隐秘杆菌.采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,发...     

Prevalence,Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. from Wild and Domestic Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Grenada,West Indies

Cloacal swabs from 62 green iguanas (Iguana iguana), including 47 wild and 15 domestic ones from five parishes of Grenada, were sampled during a 4‐month period of January to April 2013 and examined by enrichment and selective culture for the presence of Salmonella spp. Fifty‐five per cent of the animals were positive, and eight serovars of Salmonella were isolated. The most common serovar was Rubislaw (58.8%), a serovar found recently in many cane toads in Grenada, followed by Oranienburg (14.7%), a serovar that has been causing serious human disease outbreaks in Japan. Serovar IV:48:g,z₅₁:‐ (formerly, S. Marina) highly invasive and known for serious infections in children in the United States, constituted 11.8% of the isolates, all of them being from domestic green iguanas. Salmonella Newport, a serovar recently found in a blue land crab in Grenada, comprised 11.8% of the isolates from the green iguanas. The remaining four less frequent serovars included S. Javiana and S. Glostrup. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests conducted by a disc diffusion method against amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole showed that drug resistance is minimal, with intermediate susceptibility, mainly to streptomycin, tetracycline and cefotaxime. This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of various Salmonella serovars from wild and domestic green iguanas in Grenada, West Indies.     

产紫丁香苷内生真菌CJ7的鉴定及发酵条件研究

为高效利用刺五加内生真菌资源,推动紫丁香苷的生产,采用HPLC法,以紫丁香苷为对照,分析内生真菌CJ7的次生代谢产物;采用琼脂糖扩散法,对内生真菌CJ7进行抑菌活性分析,并采用单因素实验及正交实验法对内生真菌CJ7发酵条件进行优选;采用形态学观察及ITS序列分析法对内生真菌CJ7进行菌种鉴定。结果表明,在内生真菌CJ7发酵液中含有紫丁香苷。抑菌活性实验结果表明,内生真菌CJ7对10种致病菌均有较好的抑制作用,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果较为明显。经优化,CJ7的最佳发酵工艺为培养基中葡萄糖质量浓度2.5%,牛肉膏质量浓度2.0%,初始pH 7.0,装液量40%,接种量2%,培养8天,摇床转数120 r/min,发酵温度28℃。经鉴定,内生真菌CJ7为产烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)。上述研究说明,内生真菌CJ7为紫丁香苷产生菌。研究结果可为采用微生物发酵法生产紫丁香苷提供参考。     

中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)基因工程抗菌肽的制备及其抗菌活性

从中国鲎血细胞RT-PCR扩增抗菌肽tachyplesins基因,经改造构建原核和真核表达载体pET-KRN、pPIC9-KRY,并分别在大肠杆菌DE3和毕赤酵母GSll5中诱导表达.用Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE检测并进一步电洗脱纯化表达产物,经体外生物活性测定表明,表达产物KRN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒沙门菌的抑菌环为25、22、25、16mm;MIC值为3.57、7.14、3.57、14.28mg/L.表达产物KRY对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒沙门菌和李氏杆菌的抑菌环为26、22、25、18、16mm;MIC值为1.57、3.14、1.57、6.28、6.28mg/L,对水霉的抑菌效果尤其显著,抑菌环达35mm.