玫瑰露抑菌效果研究

研究了玫瑰露对4种细菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金杆菌)、3种霉菌(木霉、青霉、黑曲霉)以及2种酵母菌(啤酒酵母、葡萄酒酵母)的抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈、液体培养法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,玫瑰露对供试细菌,不论是G+菌还是G-菌,都有较强的抑菌活性,而对霉菌、酵母菌的抑菌活性不明显;对细菌的抑菌效果以沙门氏菌最强,MIC为0.98 mL/L。说明玫瑰露既可以加入到食品中作为香料,同时可配合其他天然香料使用,组成复配防腐剂。     

生物活性多肽制备与纯化的研究进展

文中对生物活性多肽的制备和纯化进行了综述,详细阐述了生物活性肽的制备,包括化学合成法、提取法、重组菌生产法和酶解法,及其分离和纯化,包括凝胶过滤色谱、反相液相色谱等方法。     

家蚕抗菌肽Cecropin-XJ的原核优化表达及活性检测

Cecropin-XJ是一种从家蚕幼虫体内分离纯化的具有很强热稳定性、酸碱适应性和广谱抗菌性的新型家蚕抗菌肽。以融合不同标签的表达载体构建pET28a-Cecropin-XJ、pET30a-Cecropin-XJ、pET32a-Cecropin-XJ、pMAL-p2X-Cecropin-XJ重组质粒,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,并优化诱导时间、诱导温度、诱导剂IPTG浓度等条件,通过对目的蛋白表达的检测分析,选择、建立Cecropin-XJ在大肠杆菌中高效、可溶性表达的技术体系。试验结果表明:采用构建的重组原核表达载体pET32a-Cecropin-XJ在IPTG终浓度为0.8 mmol/L、培养温度为37℃的条件下诱导5 h,目的蛋白的表达量可达10 mg/L,重组蛋白主要以可溶性表达产物形式存在,可溶性蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的35%,经金属螯合层析进一步纯化后的Cecropin-XJ融合蛋白纯度可达90%以上。体外抑菌试验显示Cecropin-XJ融合蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌活性。     

Cembranoid, Steroid, and Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia numerosa

Two new cembranoids, namely, sinumerolides A and B （1 and 2）, one new steroid, 7fl-hydroxygorgosterol （7）, along with four known cembranoid derivatives （3-6）, four known steroids （8-11）, and four known...     

玫瑰鲜花抑菌能力的品种差异及动态变化研究

研究了"紫芙蓉"、"赛西子"、"西子"、"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"5个玫瑰品种的鲜花瓣挥发物对空气中细菌、真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:5个玫瑰品种对细菌、真菌存在不同程度的抑制作用,总抑菌率在品种之间存在极显著性差异(F=8.615,P=0.0001),在初花期、盛花期和末花期之间也存在极显著性差异(F=5.871,P=0.0071)。在5个品种中,"紫枝玫瑰"抑菌效果较好,且在3个开花时期表现较稳定;所测定的5个玫瑰品种的细菌抑菌率存在极显著差异(F=13.405,P=0.0001),其中"紫枝玫瑰"、"西子"、"紫芙蓉"在3个开花时期对细菌均有较好的抑菌效果,且3个开花时期间差异极显著(F=6.512,P=0.0045);但各品种间真菌抑菌率差异不显著,且3个开花时期间差异也不显著;在盛花期"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"、"紫芙蓉"对细菌抑制效果最好,"紫枝玫瑰"、"赛西子"则对真菌有最好的抑制作用。     

Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 2: Risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in horses

Reasons for performing study: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria such as antimicrobial‐resistant and extended spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli represents a significant problem for human and veterinary medicine. Despite this, the risk factors for faecal carriage of such bacteria by horses in the UK, particularly those in the wider community, have not been well described. Objectives: To characterise the risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli amongst horses in the mainland UK. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of horses recruited by 65 randomly selected equine veterinary practices was conducted, with a faecal sample collected and self‐administered questionnaire completed by the horse owner. Faecal samples were cultured for antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli, with isolates confirmed as E. coli having their antimicrobial resistance profile determined. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate risk factors for the carriage of antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli in the sample population. Results: Faecal samples and completed questionnaires were obtained for 627 horses located on 475 premises. Recent hospitalisation, contact with specific types of nonequid animals, the type of premises, the surrounding land use, the reason for veterinary treatment received in the last 6 months and antimicrobial treatment in the previous 10 days were identified as risk factors for many of the antimicrobial‐resistance outcomes considered. Being stabled on the same yard as a recently hospitalised horse was identified as a risk factor for increased risk of carriage of ESBL‐producing E. coli. Conclusions and potential relevance: Increasing antimicrobial resistance may have significant health implications for the horse population of Great Britain. This form of epidemiological investigation highlights potential risk factors that may be controlled to limit the extent of the problem.     

不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡营养物质可利用率、肠道菌群和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡营养物质可利用率、肠道菌群和血清生化指标的影响。选取 １日龄的黄羽肉仔鸡 ２５２只,随机分成 ７组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 １２只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其余 ６组饲喂分别用 ０．２％、０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽,０．２％、０．５％的家蝇幼虫酶解物,０．２％、０．５％的脱脂家蝇幼虫粉等量替代基础饲粮中鱼粉的试验饲粮。结果表明：１）添加家蝇幼虫肽有提高干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的可利用率的趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且随着添加剂量的增加而提高;添加 ０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高粗脂肪、钙、磷和粗灰分的可利用率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高试验第２周和第４周肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著降低试验第 ２周血清谷丙转氨酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）和显著提高血清总蛋白含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且以０．５％的家蝇幼虫肽组效果最优。在饲粮中添加不同家蝇幼虫制品均能显著降低黄羽肉仔鸡血清尿素氮含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此得出,家蝇幼虫肽具有改善黄羽肉仔鸡肠道菌群、提高营养物质可利用率的作用,且以 ０．５％的添加量效果较好。     

抗菌肽对蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平天蚕素抗菌肽对海兰褐蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及空肠组织相关前炎性细胞因子基因mRNA相对表达水平的影响.选用336只1日龄健康海兰褐蛋用仔公鸡,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡.7组试鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组),基础饲粮+150mg/kg金霉素(抗生素组),基础饲粮+150、200、250、300、350mg/kg抗菌肽(抗菌肽Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组),试验期为42d.结果表明:1)抗菌肽Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),平均日增重各组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),抗菌肽Ⅳ、V组料重比较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05).2)抗菌肽V组胸腺指数显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),法氏囊指数较对照组、抗菌肽Ⅰ组显著提高(P＜0.05),抗菌肽Ⅳ、V组之间脾脏指数差异不显著(P＞0.05),与其他各试验组相比,抗菌肽V组脾脏指数显著升高(P＜0.05).3)抗菌肽V组白细胞介素-6基因mRNA相对表达水平较其他各组显著降低(P＜0.05),抗菌肽Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组干扰素-Υ基因mRNA相对表达水平较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),抗菌肽Ⅳ、V组肿瘤坏死因子-α基因mRNA相对表达水平较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05).综上所述,饲粮抗菌肽可不同程度提高蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数,并能有效降低前炎性细胞因子基因的mRNA相对表达水平,以添加350mg/kg抗菌肽效果为最好.