蚯蚓抗菌的免疫生态学机制

 蚯蚓具有独特的抗菌免疫防御体系,论文从蚯蚓的防御屏障、蚯蚓的细胞免疫和蚯蚓的体液免疫三个方面对蚯蚓的免疫防御体系进行了综述。     

绵羊痘病毒山东流行株的分离鉴定与T4肽基因序列分析

从山东东营疑似绵羊痘病羊的肺脏组织中分离到1株病毒。取疑似绵羊痘病羊组织病料研磨、冻融、离心后分别接种11日龄SPF鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜和牛睾丸继代细胞,鸡胚接种部位出现明显的痘斑;牛睾丸细胞出现聚集、变圆等明显的细胞病变。利用1对绵羊痘病毒T4肽基因特异性引物进行了PCR扩增,获得与预期大小一致的约300 bp的片段。将所得序列与GenBank收录的绵羊痘病毒、山羊痘病毒等毒株相关序列进行比较分析。结果表明,该分离株与国外其他绵羊痘病毒株具有较高的同源性,达97.4%～99.3%;与山羊痘病毒株同源性为96.4%。通过试验初步证明所分离的病毒为绵羊痘病毒,并将该毒株命名为绵羊痘病毒DY株。     

Measurement of C‐peptide concentrations and responses to somatostatin,glucose infusion,and insulin resistance in horses

Reasons for performing study: Hyperinsulinaemia is detected in horses with insulin resistance (IR) and has previously been attributed to increased pancreatic insulin secretion. Connecting peptide (C‐peptide) can be measured to assess pancreatic function because it is secreted in equimolar amounts with insulin and does not undergo hepatic clearance. Hypothesis: A human double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) detects C‐peptide in equine serum and concentrations would reflect responses to different stimuli and conditions. Methods: A validation procedure was performed to assess the RIA. Six mature mares were selected and somatostatin administered i.v. as a primed continuous rate infusion, followed by 50 nmol human C‐peptide i.v. Insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were measured in horses (n = 6) undergoing an insulin‐modified frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test, and in horses with insulin resistance (n = 10) or normal insulin sensitivity (n = 20). Results: A human RIA was validated for use with equine sera. Endogenous C‐peptide secretion was suppressed by somatostatin and median (range) clearance rate was 0.83 (0.15–1.61) ml/min/kg bwt. Mean ± s.d. C‐peptide‐to‐insulin ratio significantly (P = 0.004) decreased during the glucose tolerance test from 3.60 ± 1.95 prior to infusion to 1.03 ± 0.18 during the first 20 min following dextrose administration. Median C‐peptide and insulin concentrations were 1.5‐ and 9.5‐fold higher, respectively in horses with IR, compared with healthy horses. Conclusions: Endogenous C‐peptide secretion decreases in response to somatostatin and increases after dextrose infusion. Results suggest that relative insulin clearance decreases as pancreatic secretion increases in response to dextrose infusion. Hyperinsulinaemia in insulin resistant horses may be associated with both increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin clearance. Potential relevance: Both C‐peptide and insulin concentrations should be measured to assess pancreatic secretion and insulin clearance in horses.     

重组鸡Cathelicidins类抗菌肽的融合表达及其对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性的研究

Cathelicidins抗菌肽在家禽天然免疫系统中发挥重要作用,本研究将已构建的含Cathelicidins抗菌肽成熟肽的阳性克隆菌株Rosetta(DE3)/pET30-CathL1S、pET30-CathL2S、pET30-CathL3S分别在37℃、1.0 mmol/L IPTG的条件下进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析结果表明,Cathelicidins成熟肽片段均在大肠杆菌中以融合形式成功表达,表达产物的表观分子质量分别为7、8、7.5 ku。琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测结果显示,表达产物对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有很好的抑制活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13 (Salmonella pullorum)、巴氏杆菌、鸭疫里默氏杆菌及绿脓杆菌等供试菌株均有较强的抑制作用,尤其对抗生素耐药菌株有明显的抑制作用。以雏鸡为实验模型研究重组抗菌肽对金黄色葡萄球菌的体内抗菌活性,结果表明,注射中、高剂量CathL-1抗菌肽试验组(5、10 mg/kg),在试验结束后取肝脏组织匀浆液涂布于TMP平板,未分离到葡萄球菌。各抗菌肽试验组平均增重均高于感染对照组,其中低剂量抗菌肽试验组(2.5 mg/kg)体内抑菌效果虽与普通抗生素相当,但其增重效果尤为明显。     

Application of time-resolved fluorometry to immunoassays for bovine reproductive hormones

The principle of time‐resolved fluorometry with lanthanide chelates was established in the 1980s, but in the field of animal sciences it has not been widely applied to immunoassays. However, immunoassays that utilize time‐resolved fluorometry are possible alternatives to radioimmunoassays, since they can attain high sensitivity without safety risks. In this short review, we introduce the development of time‐resolved immunoassays for inhibin A, inhibin B and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and describe their application to the investigation of FSH regulation in male and female cattle. The results obtained using these newly developed immunoassays indicate that inhibin A acts as a feedback regulator for FSH secretion in female cattle, whereas inhibin A, and probably inhibin B, do so in male cattle.     

亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺-新基因（GP29）的原核表达及产物鉴定

将吸血诱导的亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺差异表达基因GP29的开放性阅读框插入pGEX-4T-1，转化BL21，表达出一相对质量为53ku的蛋白，其大小与预计结果一致。蛋白质的肽质量图谱和“1381．7511”肽段序列两方面的结果证明，SDS-PAGE胶板上相对质量为53ku的蛋白就是由目的基因表达的GST融合蛋白。该蛋白与Swiss PROT库中的任何蛋白均有较大差别，可能是一个新功能分子。     

大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响

将500只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为5组,即分别饲喂添加80、120和200g/kg大豆活性肽的日粮、添加抗生素的日粮和基础日粮。在28、49日龄取材,采用组织切片及组织化学染色方法检测肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、盲肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值、杯状细胞数量,观察大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响,进而研究大豆活性肽对肉鸡消化能力的作用。结果表明:日粮中添加80￣120g/kg的大豆活性肽能够提高肉鸡生长初期的肠道杯状细胞数量,增加肉鸡肠道绒毛长度/隐窝深度比值。     

生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽属于多功能因子。随着各种生物活性的不断发现,对其生理功能的不断探究,生物活性肽越来越受到人们的关注。作者对不同来源的生物活性肽,依其不同的生理功能进行了综述,以期为生物活性肽的研发提供参考。     

黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的药效学研究

为了对黄连解毒散固体分散制剂进行药效学研究,采用致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株考察黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果,以仔猪为实验动物考察其临床药效。结果显示：黄连解毒散固体分散制剂的体外抑菌效果是普通散剂的2倍,临床治疗效果比普通散剂提高了30％。黄连解毒散固体分散制剂显著提高了黄连解毒散对猪大肠杆菌病的疗效。