一例大食蚁兽贫血的诊治及分析

2017年天津市动物园首次引进大食蚁兽(Myrmecophaga tridactyla),雌、雄各1只,并于2018年7月16日产下1只雌性幼仔。在哺乳期间,雌兽面部出现丘疹状水泡,嗜睡,活动时快速徘徊,显现烦躁状态,四肢明显无力,食欲不佳,易呕吐,反复出血性肠炎。2019年9月,雌兽食量降至健康时的1/3,体重降至35 kg,减少15 kg。血生化检查显示,血氨与治疗后对比异常升高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容偏低。血涂片瑞氏染色可见薄型红血球、卡波德环状小体和偏心红血球。根据实验室检查结果,初步诊断为营养性巨幼细胞贫血合并缺铁性贫血。治疗原则为保肝护肝,补充叶酸、维生素B₁₂和多种矿物质,降低饲料动物性蛋白质含量,调理胃肠道菌群。经过为期1年的治疗调理,该食蚁兽食欲、活动良好,体重增加至45 kg,各项指标趋于正常。     

马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株囊膜基因的优化及其DNA疫苗体外瞬时表达研究

马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV)的密码子使用频率与哺乳动物间存在着明显差异。为此,对马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株(DLA-EIAV)囊膜全长基因按照哺乳动物优势密码子的使用原则进行了重新设计和合成,并以此为基础通过重叠延伸PCR、限制酶切等方法得到结合型和分泌型囊膜基因,将其插入含有鸡beta-actin/兔beta-globin复合启动子(AG)的高效表达载体pCAGGS中,构建了EIAV驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株结合型和分泌型囊膜基因的DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGS-opti-bou-env、pCAGGS- opti-sec-env。将构建的质粒纯化后分别转染293T细胞,以间接免疫荧光和Western blot方法检测转染48 h后细胞及上清中囊膜蛋白的表达。结果显示,两种表达质粒均可正确表达EIAV囊膜蛋白,与相对应未优化的表达载体pCAGGS-wt-bou-env和pCAGGS-wt-sec—env相比,密码子优化的基因体外瞬时表达水平有极为显著的提高,而且蛋白表达部位也与预期的结果符合。这一结果为EIAV囊膜蛋白的单抗制备、表位鉴定、免疫试验、新疫苗的开发等奠定了基础。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP1、VP2基因的表达及免疫原性研究

为探索鸡传染性贫血重组蛋白亚单位疫苗的可行性,将鸡传染性贫血病毒基因分别克隆到转移载体p Fast Bac HTA中,再将其分别转化DH10Bac感受态细胞得到相应的重组表达载体,转染昆虫细胞Sf21获得含有VP1、VP2基因的重组杆状病毒v Bac-VP1、v Bac-VP2,应用悬浮培养的Sf21细胞表达重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting结果证明,VP1、VP2基因在昆虫细胞中得到了表达,动物试验进一步证实,重组蛋白免疫SPF鸡可产生ELISA抗体,提示杆状病毒表达的VP1、VP2具有良好的免疫原性。     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.