培养基质对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌生长发育的影响

温室条件下,以盆栽培养方法研究不同培养基质对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae,AM)真菌Glomus mosseae生长发育的影响。结果表明：不同理化性质的基质对菌根共生体生长发育的影响不同,综合考虑菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,以沙土混合物(体积比3∶1)对G. mosseae菌剂的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖浓度与根外孢子数有正相关关系,而宿主植物中磷浓度与菌根真菌的生长发育也有类似的关系。说明培养基质的养分状况、水分状况、通气状况等诸多因素都会影响菌根共生体的建立和发展。宿主植物的菌根长度、根中可溶性糖浓度以及宿主植物磷浓度对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。因此,工厂化AM菌剂生产中,应以沙土混合物(体积比3∶1)为生产G. mosseae菌剂的培养基质。     

Engineering of a Single Chain Variable Fragment Antibody Specific for the Citrus tristeza virus and its Expression in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most destructive citrus virus diseases in the world. The construction of an engineered antibody, EMBL accession number AJ278109, able to specifically recognize its antigen, i.e. the coat protein of CTV, directly on infected plant material without any purification or manipulation of the entire woody plant. The potential uses of this engineered antibody are discussed.     

我国紫薇属植物AFLP分子标记体系的优化

以采自广西、云南和河南等地的紫薇属Lagerstroemia植物紫薇L.indica,南紫薇L.subcostata,福建紫薇L.limii和桂林紫薇L.guilinensis叶片为材料,利用改良CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）法提取叶片基因组DNA,获得了高质量的紫薇叶片DNA,并以其基因组DNA为模板进行了酶切连接,利用酶切连接的产物稀释一定倍数作为预扩增的模板,最后以稀释一定倍数的预扩增产物进行选择性扩增,进行紫薇和南紫薇的AFLP（扩增片段长度多态性）银染反应体系的优化。AFLP体系中每一步反应都设置了不同的反应体系,采用了160对引物作为初选引物,筛选出了10对适合紫薇基因组扩增的引物。结果表明,适宜紫薇基因组扩增的最佳酶切、预扩增和选择性扩增体系为：酶切连接体系1;预扩体系3;选扩体系3,反应体系中Mg2＋质量浓度为1.2×10-6kg.L-1时扩增效果较好。     

空间诱变水稻品系抗稻瘟病遗传及微卫星多态性分析

 【目的】研究空间诱变水稻品系对稻瘟病的抗性遗传基础,分析其基因组的微卫星多态性。【方法】将3个空间诱变抗病品系H1、H2及H3与普感亲本丽江新团黑谷（LTH）杂交,采用稻瘟病代表性菌株鉴定其F1代和F2代群体,分析诱变品系的抗瘟性遗传基础;同时采用覆盖整个水稻基因组的225对微卫星引物分析诱变品系与原种对照,探讨诱变品系的基因组突变情况。【结果】3个诱变品系对两个代表性菌株的抗性均为显性,其中H1对菌株GD0193和GD3286的抗性均受主效单基因控制,H2和H3对菌株GD3286的抗性均受两对主效基因控制,H2对菌株GD0193的抗性表现出复杂的遗传基础,H3对菌株GD0193的抗性受主效单基因控制;3个诱变品系的微卫星多态性频率各不相同,在不同染色体的突变频率也不相同。【结论】空间诱变可使水稻产生抗病基因,抗病品系的基因组发生了不同程度的变异。     

辣椒种质资源的RAPD分析

为明确辣椒种质资源的遗传基础,利用RAPD技术对来自不同生态环境不同类型的辣椒种质资源亲缘关系进行了研究．从160个随机引物中筛选9个用于PCR反应,88．68％的扩增条带表现多态性,聚类分析结果表明,46份辣椒种质资源可分为六大类,DNA分子水平上辣椒亲缘关系与传统方法研究结论基本一致．     

利用SRAP分子标记研究美洲海蓬子实生群体遗传多样性

选取28株不同形态的海莲子株系,调查植株高度、分枝夹角、果荚长度等生物性状,并采用SRAP技术对海蓬子株系进行遗传多样性分析.测定数据显示,海蓬子的不同株系在植株高度、分枝夹角、果荚长度均存在显著差异.SRAP标记多态条带比率(PPB)、Shannon多样性指数(I)以及Nei氏基因多样度(h)均显示海蓬子实生群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性.SRAP标记相似系数变异范围为0.42～0.92.以相似系数平均值0.76为阈值,可将所有供试材料划分为11个亚类,表明海蓬子不同株系间存在明显的表型差异与遗传多样性.建议在实生群体内通过选择来培育海莲子新品种.     

巴西橡胶树萌动芽种植材料芽长最优选择的理论研究

本文以幂函数方程,统计分析橡胶树萌动芽种植材料的不同芽长与持水力的关系。首次揭示了在芽长约1厘米处存在明显“拐点”,即芽长1厘米以下,其持水力锐减,而芽长大于1厘米的,持水力明显趋于平稳提高。并且芽持水力的大小与定植成活率的高低也相一致。不同长度芽持水力差异的特点,是与细胞中渗透活性物质的含量不等有关。芽长1厘米以上,糖和水溶性蛋白含量继续提高,而氨基酸含量则下降,这可能是“拐点”形成的内部生理原因。     

Development of new markers to genotype the functional SNPs of SSIIa, a gene responsible for gelatinization temperature of rice starch

Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important quality predictor that determines the cooking quality of rice. GT is genetically controlled by the starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside the SSIIa have already been found to be responsible for the variation of GT. One of these, GC/TT SNP at 4329/4330 bp, could be genotyped by four primers in a single PCR ( Bao et al., 2006a), but another one, G/A SNP at 4198 bp, has not been detected by a PCR-based marker. Here, we developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers to detect these SNPs. A dCAPS marker that the PCR products were cleaved by the BseR I restriction endonuclease was designed to detect GC/TT SNP. Both CAPS and dCAPS markers were designed to detect G/A SNP using the restriction endonuclease Nla III and Tsp45 I, respectively. All the markers developed were co-dominant. It was known that the A allele of G/A SNP was rare among rice germplasm, but it was still in use by rice breeders. 11 rice accessions including landrace and breeding lines with A allele of G/A SNP were detected. The F₂ individuals from two crosses were used to analyze the co-segregation between the SNP alleles and the GT. The segregation ratio of two SNPs did not conform to the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1, but the SNPs were co-segregated with GT. The markers developed in the present study would be useful in molecular breeding for the improvement of the quality of rice grain.     

Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration and defoliation on the growth of Themeda triandra

The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration (700 μmol mol^?1) on defoliated (three clippings at 3‐week intervals) and undefoliated plants were determined for the C₄ grass Themeda triandra, Forsk. The elevated CO₂ concentration significantly increased leaf regrowth following defoliation, and total leaf production was greatest in this treatment. Shoot biomass of undefoliated plants was also increased under the elevated CO₂ concentration treatment. The primary effect of the elevated CO₂ concentration in both defoliated and undefoliated plants was an increase in individual leaf length and mass of dry matter, linked to a higher leaf water content and increased photosynthetic rates at the canopy level. Photosynthetic down‐regulation at the leaf level occurred, but this was compensated for by increased assimilation rates and greater canopy leaf area at the elevated CO₂ concentration. Increases in leaf and sheath growth of defoliated plants in the elevated CO₂ concentration treatment were lost following a final 3‐week reversion to ambient CO₂ concentration, but occurred in plants exposed to the elevated CO₂ concentration for the final 3‐week period only. In conclusion, elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration increases shoot growth via increased leaf extension, which is directly dependent on stimulation of concurrent photosynthesis. CO₂ responsiveness is sustained following moderate defoliation but is reduced when plants experience reduced vigour as a result of maturation or high frequency of defoliation.     

槐树与北京的历史文化

槐树在北京有着悠久的栽培历史,槐树和北京人民的生活联系密切;文章重点探讨了槐树文化的丰富内涵,及其对北京的民居、园林绿化、文学艺术等所产生的影响。