Salinity tolerance of wild barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum

Salinity tolerance of 47 wild barley genotypes and six barley cultivars was evaluated under control and salinity stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Shoot and root dry weight (DW), plant height, membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content, survival rate, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents, root and leaf Na, K, Ca and K/Na ratio, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured. Salinity stress caused significant increase in the MDA, proline content, Na and Ca concentrations of the roots and leaves, but resulted in a decrease in the other traits. H. spontaneum genotypes were considerably less affected by the salinity than the genotypes of H. vulgare. Plant survivability was negatively correlated with the Na concentration (r =−.66) but positively correlated with the leaf K/Na ratio (r = .67) and MSI (r = .68). Tolerance mechanisms such as ion exclusion (Na) were likely to be present in the wild barley causing K/Na homeostasis as well as the much lower root and shoot Na, resulting in the higher survival rate.     

菌糠多糖对铜离子胁迫下水稻种子萌发的影响

为探究茶树菇菌糠多糖浸种对铜离子胁迫下水稻生长发育的影响,通过水培试验法研究不同浓度(1、10、100、1000、2000mg·L~(-1))茶树菇菌糠多糖对铜离子胁迫下水稻种子萌发及相关生理代谢指标的影响。结果表明:随着培养液中铜离子浓度的升高,水稻种子受到的毒害作用增强,发芽势和发芽率受到抑制,水稻幼芽根长变短,细胞质膜受损,相对电导率和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶活性下降。添加不同浓度的茶树菇菌糠多糖可以在一定程度上缓解水稻种子受铜离子的毒害作用,提高水稻种子的发芽势和发芽率,这一效应在水稻幼芽根部体现得尤为明显。同时,多糖添加可以修复细胞质膜的损伤,降低可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和MDA的含量,提高抗氧化酶活性。研究表明,茶树菇菌糠多糖可以有效缓解铜离子胁迫下水稻种子萌发的不利影响,综合考虑,当茶树菇菌糠多糖浓度为1000 mg·L~(-1)时,效果最佳。     

Role of IP3R in LH-EGFR-induced mouse oocyte meiotic resumption

AIM: To explore the effect of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisposphate receptor (IP₃R) in luteinizing hormone-epidermal growth factor receptor (LH-EGFR)-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. METHODS: Models of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexs (COCs) culture and follicle culture in vitro were generated to study the effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) and heparin (IP₃R specific inhibitors) on LH/EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and EGF-induced cumulus cell expansion. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of cumulus expansion-related factors. The changes of the intracellular calcium level were monitored using Fluo 3-AM, and the cGMP level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The inhibitors of IP₃R, 2-APB and heparin, dramatically reversed EGF-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05) and decreased cGMP levels in COCs (P<0.05). In addition, 2-APB and heparin reversed EGF-induced cumulus expansion, and significantly inhibited EGF-induced cumulus expansion-related factor expression (P<0.05). The activation of IP₃R increased intracellular calcium level, and the study found that 2-APB and heparin dramatically reversed EGF-induced elevation of calcium level in cumulus cells (P<0.05). Follicular culture in vitro showed that 2-APB and heparin significantly reversed the LH-induced oocyte maturation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LH-EGFR signaling pathway increases calcium level in cumulus cells through IP₃R, resulting in meiotic resumption.     

九连山国家森林公园负氧离子浓度时空变化及影响要素研究

负氧离子不仅对空气质量具有改善作用,而且对人体健康起到重要的影响。通过连续观测九连山国家森林公园空气负氧离子浓度,分析负氧离子浓度的时空变化规律及与各气象要素之间的相互关系。结果表明,九连山国家森林公园负氧离子浓度水平达到Ⅰ级标准,对人体健康极有利。原始阔叶林中负氧离子浓度明显高于人工林中负氧离子的浓度,且原始阔叶林和人工林中负氧离子浓度都呈现夏秋高于冬春,夏季最高,冬季最低;早晚浓度明显高于白天浓度的规律。因此九连山国家森林公园适合出游时间为夏秋季,且上午或傍晚最佳。此外,负氧离子的浓度与空气温度、湿度以及降水量都有明显的相关性,同时也受其他气象因素的影响。这些结果可以为推进森林旅游业的建设提供科学支持,特别是自然保护区内负氧离子资源和旅游产品的开发。     

氨基修饰二氧化硅对Cr^3+和直接桃红B12的吸附

该试验以硅烷偶联剂KH-550为改性剂,乙醇为溶剂合成氨基二氧化硅。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子吸收光谱、可见分光光度法对改性前后SiO 2进行表征,研究其对铬离子及染料直接桃红B12的吸附情况。结果表明:25℃恒温振荡20 min,改性SiO 2吸附重金属离子Cr^3+效果明显,当其用量为0.04 g时,吸附率达99.01%,而相同条件下未改性SiO 2对Cr^3+吸附率只有25.13%;将其用于染料直接桃红B12的吸附,改性后SiO 2吸附率达91.97%,相同条件下未改性SiO 2的吸附率仅为34.23%。     

菜籽中4—羟基—3—甲基吲哚硫代葡萄糖苷的离子交换色谱法分离

本文报道用ＤＥＡＥ Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－２５作固定相，硫酸钾溶液作流动相的离子交换色谱法，从菜籽中分离４－羟基－３－甲基吲哚硫代葡萄糖苷的方法。     

盐胁迫下小麦幼苗离子吸收运输的选择性与叶片耐盐量

研究了小麦品种 LD-1(耐盐)和扬麦5号(不耐盐),在盐胁迫下植株体内 K~+、Na~+积累及其吸收、运输过程中的选择性和叶片电解质渗漏率的变化.结果表明,盐胁迫后 LD-1叶片〔Na~+〕/〔K~+〕明显低于扬麦5号,而其 S_(k,Na)(K~+,Na~+选择性比率)显著大于扬麦5号.2品种间根系〔Na~+〕/〔K~+〕及 S_k,Na均没有显著差异,根系离子吸收的选择性相似.LD-1从根系至地上部的离子运输过程中,具有较大的 K~+选择性,是它具有较强耐盐性的主要原因.2品种间叶片耐盐阈值及叶片致死盐量均无显著差异,叶片细胞的耐盐力相似.     

甜菜离子注入诱变早熟突变体的RAPD分子标记筛选

以离子注入诱变技术获得的甜菜早熟突变体W11和未做诱变处理的7208为对照材料,提取DNA并进行RAPD分析,选取800条RAPD随机引物对W11和7208进行扩增,结果表明,W11?208之间在DNA水平上存在差异.从800条随机引物中筛选到45条在W11和7208中存在差异, 存在差异的引物占所用引物数的5.6;,表明W11和7208种的相似性很高.该研究利用W11和 7208做亲本构建分子标记作图群体,进而定位早熟性状基因或QTL奠定了基础.     

离子色谱法同时测定降水中的常见阴离子

利用离子色谱仪同时测定降水中的3种有机酸根离子和4种无机阴离子,通过对分析条件的优化,确定了最佳的色谱条件：以4．0mmol／L Na2CO3与1．0mmol／L NaHCO3为流动相,流速0．8mL／min作等度洗脱,在10min内实现基线分离并完成电导检测．7种组分的检测限在0．5～20．0nmol／L之间,线性范围跨越2个数量级以上．该方法用于雨水样品的分析,结果表明：平均加标回收率为92．1％～106．2％,相对标准偏差0．30％～4．03％.     

不同pH值和重金属浓度对水花生生根的影响

研究不同pH值和不同重金属浓度对水花生生根情况的影响。试验表明,水花生的适应性很强,在pH值为2~13范围内的溶液中均可生根。总体而言,水花生在碱性溶液中比在酸性溶液中生根情况好,当pH值在8.85左右时生根情况最好,根长为26.2 mm,根数为60根以上。随着重金属离子浓度升高,其对水花生生根的抑制作用加大,但不同重金属离子对水花生的生根影响不同。当溶液中Pb2+浓度在10 mg/L左右时,水花生生长最好,根长达22.3 mm,根数达37根;当溶液中Cr3+浓度在5 mg/L以下时,水花生生长最好,根长为39.0 mm左右,根数为40根以上。