婴幼儿配方乳粉脂肪过氧化值的检测方法

通过对婴幼儿配方乳粉脂肪提取时的萃取溶剂、取样量、提取次数及超声条件进行优化,建立一种超声破壁提取婴幼儿配方乳粉中的脂肪并测定其过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)的方法。结果表明:采用该方法提取时,乳粉样品的脂肪提取率较高(>95%),提取过程中脂肪的二次氧化得到有效控制,脂肪的POV值测定准确性较高。且将该POV值测定方法应用于婴幼儿配方乳粉的货架期加速验证实验时,其能够准确反映婴幼儿配方乳粉的货架期。     

肉鸡鸡胚肝脏中脂滴的发育研究

为了探索鸡胚肝脏脂滴的发育规律,选取120枚受精蛋,分别在孵化的第7~21天（E7~E21）每天随机选取6枚蛋,收集鸡胚,采集鸡胚肝脏,采用冰冻切片、苏丹Ⅲ染色观察鸡胚肝脏脂滴的形成和发育特点。结果发现：①鸡胚发育到E9胚龄,肝细胞内开始出现脂滴,且随着胚龄增加,脂滴的数量不断增多,脂滴的大小不断增大;②E18胚龄以前,肝脏脂滴的分布从中央静脉开始沿肝索到肝小叶边缘数量逐渐减少,E18胚龄以后,肝脏边缘脂滴数量较肝脏中央的多;③肝脏脂滴的发育分为E9~E14、E15~E17和E18~E21 3个阶段,而且后一个阶段脂滴的数量和体积均显著大于前一个阶段（P<0.05）,脂滴的平均大小在E9~E14、E15~E17和E18~E21 3个阶段分别为3.2、5.7和10.8 μm,平均数量分别为67、327、397个/mm²。以上结果表明,随着鸡胚的发育,肝细胞内脂滴数量增加、体积变大。     

马身猪MEF2A基因4种可变剪接体的克隆和生物信息学分析

本研究旨在克隆马身猪肌细胞增强因子2A（myocyte enhancer factor 2A,MEF2A）基因的不同剪接体类型。依据转录组测序对可变剪接的预测结果,试验扩增MEF2A基因第5~8外显子之间的编码区,用生物信息学软件分析了马身猪MEF2A基因不同剪接体的序列特性,预测保守结构域,构建系统进化树,比对不同物种MEF2A的氨基酸同源性。结果显示,获得了4个MEF2A基因的剪接体,MEF2A1的第5~8外显子正常剪接;MEF2A2缺失了第5外显子,第6外显子的5'端多出138 bp,第7外显子的3'端多出102 bp;MEF2A3缺失了第5外显子,第6外显子的5'端多出138 bp;MEF2A4第7外显子的3'端多出102 bp。插入的138 bp序列编码的蛋白质中存在1个保守结构域HJURP_C,这可能与MEF2A参与肝细胞纤维化作用有关。MEF2A1和MEF2A4与猪MEF2A1（GenBank登录号:NP_001090890.1）同属于一个亚群,同源性高达98.9%,MEF2A2和MEF2A3与猪MEF2A2（GenBank登录号:NP_001093168.1）同属于一个亚群,同源性分别为98.2%和98.9%。本试验成功克隆了4个MEF2A基因的剪接体,为进一步研究其蛋白功能奠定基础。     

Oxidative stress response in spinach plants induced by cadmium

In this work we studied the effect of cadmium (Cd) (25 μM), in spinach plants (Spinacea oleracea) growing in nutrient solution, for 1, 2 and 7 days. Spinach growing in the contaminated solution showed a decrease in biomass, chlorophyll content and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, showing that photosynthetic apparatus was affected and lipid peroxidation occurred. The main defence mechanisms against the induced oxidative stress were the activation of catalase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase. Glutathione reductase activity suggests that glutathione is involved in the response against Cd toxicity. The uptake of zinc (Zn), potassium (K), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) was affected, mainly at the higher exposition times. Spinach leaves showed no signs of toxicity and looked healthy although containing up to 35 mg kg^?1 dry weight (DW) of Cd. This can present a food security issue as there is no visible indication of the high amounts of Cd in the edible parts of the plant.     

土壤pH值对脂松苗木膜脂过氧化及内源保护系统的影响

脂松(Pinus resinosa)是北美东北部地区最重要的造林树种之一.因材质优良,生长迅速和耐低温、干旱、瘠薄的特点,被广泛应用于用材林、防风固沙林建设.脂松原产区气候特点和我国东北地区相似,均具有无霜期短、冬季寒冷、夏季温暖、降水量低至中等等特点,且海拔高度相近.     

肥料和遮黑处理对一品红生长与观赏品质的影响

以"金奖"和"更早生天鹅绒"一品红为试材,对武汉地区的一品红栽培中的肥料替代和遮黑处理两因子对一品红生长与品质的影响进行了初步探讨,结果表明:选择市场上成份相似或功能相近的肥料替代一品红专用肥在生产上使用是完全可行的。在恰当的时期对一品红进行遮黑处理不仅能提高一品红盆花的观赏品质而且能促使一品红盆花提前上市。     

Effects of monoglycerides on pasting properties of wheat starch after repeated heating and cooling

The effects of repeated heating and cooling on the properties of pastes prepared from a commercial wheat starch (Triticum aestivum L.) with added monoglycerides were studied using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). The nanostructure of the freeze-dried pastes was determined by X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Pastes prepared from the wheat starch alone, or from the starch mixed with tripalmitin, which does not form complexes with starch, produced regular viscosity profiles in the RVA when subjected to multiple heat-cool cycles. In comparison, the effects of adding monoglycerides (or monoacylglycerols) depended on the chain length and saturation of the fatty acid of the monoglyceride. Repeated heat-cool cycles in the RVA of the starch with different monoglycerides induced the formation of complexes of varying stability that influenced the viscosity trace of the paste during multiple heating and cooling cycles. Small-angle X-ray scattering in combination with X-ray diffraction proved useful in describing the nanostructural changes in the RVA pastes induced by monoglycerides and temperature cycling. The results indicate that the functional properties of starch pastes may be manipulated through the strategic selection of an added monoglyceride.     

不同储藏温度和时间对长白猪肌肉pH、失水率及脂质氧化的影响

研究测定了长白猪屠宰后12h肌肉pH的下降速度、极限值和肌间脂肪氧化速度,及不同储藏温度和时间对肌肉pH值、失水率及脂质氧化的影响。结果表明:屠宰后0～5h长白猪肌肉pH值下降速度较快,9～12hTBA值变化速度较快。4℃条件下,储存时间对长白猪肌肉pH影响不显著,对滴水损失影响极显著,TBA值影响显著;-20℃冷冻条件下,储存时间对长白猪肌肉pH、TBA影响显著,对解冻失水率影响不显著。温度对pH值和TBA值的影响不明显,对滴水损失和解冻失水率有极显著的影响。通过回归分析,长白猪肌肉滴水损失和解冻失水率随pH升高而降低;-20℃条件下TBA值随pH升高而升高。     

姜黄素对鹌鹑实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响

采用高脂饲料连续饲喂的方法建立鹌鹑实验性动脉粥样硬化动物模型,选择姜黄素进行干预,观察其对鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化主动脉变化和血脂水平的影响。结果显示,姜黄素可有效对抗内膜增厚和斑块形成,保护动脉血管的正常结构,同时血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量降低,HDL-C水平升高;提示姜黄素可有效改善鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中的动脉硬化程度,并可有效抑制血脂含量,起到调节血脂代谢的作用。     

Construction of Escherichia coli Mutant with Decreased Endotoxic Activity by Modifying Lipid A Structure

Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and its derivatives are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, but these purified proteins are always contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is recognized by the toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex of mammalian immune cells and leads to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is a vital step to remove LPS from the proteins before use for therapeutic purpose. In this study, we constructed BL21 (DE3) ∆msbB28 ∆pagP38 mutant, which produces a penta-acylated LPS with reduced endotoxicity. The plasmids harboring pagL and/or lpxE were then introduced into this mutant to further modify the LPS. The new strain (S004) carrying plasmid pQK004 (pagL and lpxE) produced mono-phosphoryated tetra-acylated lipid A, which induces markedly less production of tumor necrosis factor-α in the RAW264.7 and IL-12 in the THP1, but still retains ability to produce recombinant proteins. This study provides a strategy to decrease endotoxic activity of recombinant proteins purified from E. coli BL21 backgrounds and a feasible approach to modify lipid A structure for alternative purposes such as mono-phosphoryl lipid A (MPL) as vaccine adjuvants.