Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

Long-term changes in the smolt size and age of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a northern Baltic river related to parr density, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival

Abstract –  The size of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts in 1972–2004 was studied in relation to parr density, smolt age, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival in the Simojoki River. There was a significant negative regression between the annual mean smolt size and the density of wild >1 year parr in the previous autumn, but not between the annual mean smolt size and age. The density of reared parr released into the river or the growth opportunity, based on the day length and air temperature during the previous summer, did not affect the size of wild smolts. The data on postsmolt survival based on recaptures of Carlin-tagged smolts showed a significant positive relationship ( P  < 0.01) between the survival of postsmolts and the annual size of wild smolts. It is hypothesised that the increased density of wild >1 year parr could have contributed to the decreased smolt size since the 1990s, and the reduced size of wild smolts could be included among the factors resulting in their declined postsmolt survival in the Baltic Sea.     

黄鳝的年龄鉴定和生长

用黄鳝的耳石,脊椎骨和舌骨三种材料相对照,对其年龄进行了鉴定。认为舌骨是黄鳝年龄鉴定比较理想的材料,并首次提出尾舌骨也可以作为年龄鉴定的材料。分析了体长,体重的分布,分别用幂函数关系和直线回归方程计算体长与体重的关系式,并进行比较。     

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

长江口凤鲚幼鱼的耳石微结构、日龄与生长

2007年7月、8月和9月在长江口区域从小型拖网和张网渔获物中获取凤鲚幼鱼,摘取矢耳石进行耳石微结构分析,确定凤鲚幼鱼的日龄和孵化日期,分析个体早期生长过程.凤鲚幼鱼的体长范围为25.6～63.2 mm,矢耳石形状与成鱼耳石相似,为不规则扁椭球形,只有—个翼状突起.耳石横截面磨片上具有一个核和一个原基.耳石原基的直径为12.5 ～ 22.8μm,平均为(14.3±4.8) μm(n =111).耳石核中心到第一个生长轮的距离为(24.9±6.4)μm(n=44).生长轮在耳石长轴上排列较疏且不清晰,短轴上较密但清晰.凤鲚幼鱼的日龄为54～128 d,对应的孵化日期为2007年4月10日至7月23日,高峰期为2007年5月1 1日至6月26日.耳石半径(R)与标准体长(LS)间呈显著的线性相关关系,回归方程为LS=6.68 +0.065R.凤鲚幼鱼前20个生长轮宽度较窄,并有逐渐变窄的趋势,第20日轮之后,生长轮宽度逐渐变宽,至第50日轮后生长轮宽度趋于稳定.     

鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究概况

动物从受精卵发育到具有不同性别特征的个体是一个奇妙而又严谨的过程,是人类长期以来试图揭示的自然现象。上世纪90年代初在人类Y染色体上发现了性别决定基因SRY[1],进而发现了一个新的Sox基因家族[2]。上述基因的发现,促进了以哺乳类为代表的动物性别决定和分化机制研究。由于鱼类在脊椎动物中的特殊进化地位、庞大的种类数量以及显著的社会经济价值,鱼类的性别决定研究一直受到遗传和发育学者的重视。尽管离最终阐明鱼类性别决定的机制还有距离,但近20多年来鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究已取得不少重要进展。本文试图根据现有文献资料,…     

利用耳石微结构研究西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的日龄、生长与种群结构

根据我国鱿钓船2007、2008和2010年在西南大西洋作业期间采集的3 462尾阿根廷滑柔鱼样本(其中2007年308尾、2008年262尾、2010年2 892尾),利用耳石微结构研究了西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的日龄、生长和种群结构。结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼生命周期大约为1年,渔获物主要由冬生群(6—7月)和秋生群(3—5月)组成,不同年份捕捞群体有差异。不同产卵群体、不同性别的阿根廷滑柔鱼胴长和体质量生长均存在显著性差异。冬生群,雌、雄个体胴长的生长方程分别用指数和线性函数来拟合为最适,体质量生长方程则分别用幂函数和指数函数来拟合最适;秋生群,雌、雄个体的胴长生长方程分别用指数和对数函数拟合为最适,体质量生长方程分别用指数和对数函数拟合为最适。随着日龄增加,阿根廷滑柔鱼胴长和体质量相对生长呈现下降趋势,绝对生长率则呈增加趋势,同一日龄段内,雌性个体的胴长与体质量生长率都稍大于雄性个体生长率。     

基于有限混合模型的山东海域口虾蛄群体体长结构分析

个体大小是渔业资源种群的重要结构特征,一般研究中采用平均个体体长或平均体质量等分析指标,难以充分反应具有多年龄结构和个体生长速度差异的种群组成差异。为研究口虾蛄个体大小组成的时空变化,实验根据山东海域2016年10月和2017年1、5、8月的底拖网调查数据,应用有限混合模型分析了不同性别、不同时间、不同水深口虾蛄个体大小的频率分布特征。结果发现,除秋季外,山东海域口虾蛄均可区分为高、低两个年龄组,同时雌雄体长分布具有一定的差异。从冬季到夏季,雌性口虾蛄中低龄组个体比例先下降后上升,雄性口虾蛄低龄比例则逐渐下降。就不同水深而言,口虾蛄低龄组个体主要集中在近海海域,其比例由近海向远海逐渐减小。各年龄组的近远海分布表现出季节性差异,春季高龄口虾蛄在近海比例最大,由近海向远海比例逐渐减小;夏季高龄组口虾蛄在20～30 m水深比例最大;冬季高龄组口虾蛄比例则由近海向远海逐渐增加。有限混合模型能够较好地对口虾蛄的体长结构进行分析,解析口虾蛄不同年龄组在山东海域的时空分布,对于深入了解口虾蛄种群分布动态和科学的渔业管理具有重要意义。     

珠江斑鳠年龄和生长的研究↑（*）

观察珠江斑鳠的胸鳍和鳃盖骨,研究其年龄特征、渔获物年龄组成和体长、体重组成,并对其体长与鳃盖骨长、体长与体重的关系,以及生长规律进行了分析。其年轮形成时间为１２ 月～翌年３ 月;体长与鳃盖骨长的关系式为Ｌ＝ ３４ ．７６ Ｒ＋ ０ ．４５３ ３ ,体长与体重的关系式为 Ｗ＝ ０ ．０３２ Ｌ３ ．１８７ ２ 。生长Ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程分别为Ｌｔ ＝ １５６ ．７５〔１ － ｅ－ ０ ．０８９（ｔ－ ０ ．０１６ ８）〕和Ｗｔ ＝ ３１ １９３ ．１７〔１ － ｅ－ ０ ．０８９（ ｔ－ ０ ．０１６ ８）〕３ ．１８７ ２ 。还讨论了年轮形成原因和生长特性,并对合理利用自然资源和生产养殖提出建议。     

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake kinetics of poinsettia and marigold

In a previous experiment it has been found that maximum uptake rate (I_max), Michaelis constant (K_m), and minimum nutrient concentration (C_min) as plant physiological characteristics may be important for phosphorus (P) uptake in peat-substrate. Thus, variation of P uptake parameters was evaluated with a series of depletion studies for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and marigold (Tagetes patula) under fluctuating climatic conditions and different developmental stages.