白僵菌优良菌株的选育

本研究将所收集的28个菌株,用稀释单孢分离的方法,进行生长特征、生长速度、产孢量和室内外对松毛虫致病力的测定比较,以闽林2、闽林1、闽林3号菌株表现突出,为优良菌株。     

Growth and nutritional responses of bareroot Jeffrey pine on a Sierra Nevada surface mine to minisite applications of fertilizer and lime

The effects of two controlled release fertilizers, Forestcote 22-4-6 + Minors and Dry Site 21-6-2 + Minors, and also dolomitic lime, on growth and nutrition of bareroot Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) were investigated. Forestcote, which consists of loose prills, and Dry Site, consisting of prepackaged prills, were administered with two rates, while a single liming rate was used. An acidic Sierra Nevada surface mine provided the study site, and all amendments were applied at outplanting to the backfill of augered planting holes. Without impacting survival, both fertilizer formulations enhanced seedling growth, particularly at a 16 g rather than an 8 g application rate, although Forestcote was marginally more effective in this regard. In contrast, liming at a 27 g rate induced severe mortality and offset much of the growth gains resulting from fertilization. Improvements in N and P nutrition, as revealed by foliar analysis, probably accounted for much of the growth stimulation exhibited by fertilized seedlings, but reductions in the uptake of potentially phytotoxic trace elements such as Mn and Al and increases in base cation/metallic element ratios likely also contributed. The high application rate was generally preeminent in eliciting these nutritional responses. Liming induced little alteration of seedling nutrition. Impaired water relations may have caused the unfavorable responses to this treatment.     

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较陈ｆ竣（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）李传涵（华中农业大学土化系武汉４３００７０）关键词杉木,根际土壤,土壤酶,杉木中毒由于林木生长的影响,使得林木根际土壤ｐＨ值、养分含量、微生物数目、生化活性等性质发生...     

1株猪丹毒杆菌的分离与鉴定

为确定导致安徽和县某猪场猪只发病的病原,从该猪场送检病料(心、肺、脾、肝)中分离并纯化细菌,根据其形态特征、PCR鉴定及生化试验结果,确诊为猪丹毒杆菌。spa A基因序列分析结果显示该菌与猪丹毒杆菌G4T10(Gen Bank登录号:KF150604.1)有99%的同源性。全自动生化反应报告该菌为丹毒丝菌的概率高达95%。小鼠攻毒试验表明,试验组小鼠在腹股沟皮下注射该菌后,4 d内全部死亡;死亡小鼠剖检可见全身败血性出血,各脏器均有病变,从死亡小鼠的血液、心、肝、脾、肺等组织中分离到与该感染菌株形态特征完全一致的细菌。药敏试验结果表明,该菌对β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素敏感,对链霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、多西环素、林可霉素和磺胺异恶唑耐受。     

Therapeutic antibodies: their mechanisms of action and the pathological findings they induce in toxicity studies

Antibodies can swiftly provide therapeutics to target disease-related molecules discovered in genomic research. Antibody engineering techniques have been actively developed and these technological innovations have intensified the development of therapeutic antibodies. From the mid-1990’s, a series of therapeutic antibodies were launched that are now being used in clinic. The disease areas that therapeutic antibodies can target have subsequently expanded, and antibodies are currently utilized as pharmaceuticals for cancer, inflammatory disease, organ transplantation, cardiovascular disease, infection, respiratory disease, ophthalmologic disease, and so on. This paper briefly describes the modes of action of therapeutic antibodies. Several non-clinical study results of the pathological changes induced by therapeutic antibodies are also presented to aid the future assessment of the toxic potential of an antibody developed as a therapeutic.     

Clinical and pathologic features of acute bovine liver disease in Australia

Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a sporadic hepatic disease affecting cattle in southern Australia, characterized histologically by striking periportal hepatocellular necrosis. The cause of ABLD is unknown; however, the seasonality and acute presentation of outbreaks suggest mycotoxin involvement. We describe here the clinical and pathologic findings of ABLD in 45 naturally affected cattle from 13 outbreaks occurring from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Outbreaks occurred in herds located along the southern coastal plain of Victoria and were observed most frequently in lactating dairy cattle. Clinical signs commonly included a combination of mild photosensitization, progressive neurologic signs, and hypogalactia, which preceded death by ≤ 48 h. All affected animals had marked elevations in activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. At autopsy, the most common lesions were serosal petechiae and/or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hepatomegaly with a pronounced hepatic reticular pattern. The principal histologic lesion was widespread—severe periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis and erythrocyte pooling—which often extended to massive necrosis. Lesions in other organs were uncommon. Our study of ABLD suggests involvement of a potent hepatotoxin that is either directly cytopathic or requires bioactivation by periportal-specific enzymes.     

氧化沉降条件下草甘膦对福寿螺的急性毒性效应

【目的】探究草甘膦与H₂O₂复合污染条件下草甘膦对福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata的急性毒性效应。【方法】采用静水式生物测试法,采集田间生长均匀一致的成年福寿螺,使其暴露于不同浓度草甘膦和近似广州地区降水H₂O₂浓度(50μmol·L^-1)的水体中。研究氧化沉降条件下草甘膦对福寿螺生境的水质部分指标和急性毒性效应的影响。【结果】水体水质指标中,氧化还原电位（Oxidation-reduction potential,ORP）随暴露时间增加而上升,由330 mV上升至540 mV左右;pH随暴露时间增加,不同处理有上升也有下降的趋势,最终都维持在7.0～8.5;溶解氧（Dissolved oxygen,DO）在8.5～16.0 mg·L^-1之间,无固定变化规律;这3个指标都维持在福寿螺生长能适应的范围内。急性毒性试验表明,草甘膦对福寿螺为低毒,在有或无H₂O₂添加时其48 h的半致死浓度(LC