薰衣草组培苗驯化移栽过程中形态解剖学比较

以继代培养不同时间、移栽生长不同阶段薰衣草组培苗为试材,比较研究了不同阶段组培苗叶片及根系形态解剖及超微结构差异。结果表明:瓶内壮苗培养30d左右,组培苗叶片和根系已分化出相对完整的形态组织结构,具有初步的气孔调节及光合自养能力,但与移栽50d苗和栽培1a生苗木有显著差异。温室移栽50d时,组培苗组织器官功能已基本满足露地生长的基本要求,在栽培条件合适时,可进行田间移栽相关工作。该研究为薰衣草工厂化组培苗生产的技术实施提供了科学依据。     

不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较

本试验旨在比较高原蕨麻小型猪与平原巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标差异,为高原蕨麻小型猪的实验动物化提供理论基础.试验分别在高原地区和西安市采集高原蕨麻小型猪与巴马小型猪血样,检测10项血液生理指标和14项血液生化指标,并对结果进行统计分析.结果显示,血液生理指标中高原蕨麻小型猪的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCMH)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),血小板(PLT)、红细胞分布列宽变异系数(RDW-CV)和红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)与巴马小型猪相比差异显著(P< 0.05);血液生化指标中高原蕨麻小型猪γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(CRE)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),其余指标均无显著差异(P> 0.05).结果表明,高原蕨麻小型猪具有低氧适应的生理特征,与巴马小型猪相比有独特的高原适应性,具有开发成为高原疾病动物模型的潜力.     

长江刀鱼网箱养殖技术初探

为保护日益减少的长江刀鱼资源,本文开展了长江刀鱼在千岛湖的网箱驯养试验。在2011年9月至2012年9月期间,利用长江南通段捕捞的刀鱼苗种分两个批次运输至千岛湖进行驯养。至2013年9月,经过两年的养殖驯化,第一批刀鱼平均体长28．8 cm、平均体重74．5 g,成活7500尾,成活率35．30%;第二批刀鱼平均体长20．9 cm、平均体重21．4 g,成活9500尾,成活率68．10%。同时,在刀鱼捕捞、运输、转运、投饵、驯化和日常管理中积累了一定经验。试验结果表明,长江刀鱼通过转运在内陆大水面进行网箱养殖具有可行性。这为日后开展刀鱼种质资源保护和开发利用奠定了基础。     

沈阳市园林植物标本公园引种驯化应用性探究

以沈阳市园林植物标本公园的引种驯化树种为研究对象,从中抽取观赏价值较高的14种树种进行跟踪调查,其中乔木8种、灌木6种。主要调查其树高、开花期,果熟期、在高温和低温时的生长状况等来讨论其耐寒性和耐旱性,从而讨论引种驯化的可行性。并根据沈阳市的地理环境提出对园林植物进行引种驯化时的几点建议。     

The effect of age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L)

Abstract

The effect of plant age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale was studied in perennial ryegrass. Resistance to M. nivale was estimated as relative regrowth after inoculation and incubation under artificial snow cover at 2°C. Resistance increased with increasing plant age. Cold hardened and unhardened plants of the same age displayed identical resistance. Preliminary studies indicate that expression of genes coding for the PR proteins chitinase and PR-1a increased during incubation of inoculated perennial ryegrass, but no clear difference in expression of these genes was found between plants of different ages, or in hardened versus unhardened plants.     

Tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum obtained through manipulation of ploidy and endosperm balance number (EBN)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum. The experimental materials consisted of F₁ triploid, BC₁ pentaploid‐near pentaploid and BC₂ tetraploid–near tetraploid hybrids. The F₁ triploids had a freezing tolerance and acclimatization capacity closest to S. commersonii. This indicated that the endosperm barriers which prevent the introgression of 1EBN S. commersonii into 4EBN S. tuberosum had been overcome. Indeed, the triploids produced 2n eggs, thus giving a compatible maternal to paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm generated by the 3x(2EBN) × 4x(3EBN) crosses. The tolerance to low temperatures of BC₁ and BC₂ hybrids was lower than that of the F₁. However, a number of genotypes were identified which were able to withstand temperatures down to ‐5°C. Some BC₂ hybrids were also tested for their tolerance to tuber soft rot, and some resistant hybrids were detected. A number of them combined the capacity for cold acclimatization with tolerance to tuber soft rot. These hybrids have an EBN of 4; they are fertile and have been used in backcrosses with 4EBN S. tuberosum.     

美国黑莓的主要品种与栽培技术

本文重点介绍美国黑莓的主要栽培品种、栽培及加工利用技术并探讨黑莓的市场前景以指导我国黑莓的引种栽培。     

不同海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标的比较研究

试验从心肌酶活性、肝脏代谢、肾脏代谢、机体抗氧化能力、能量代谢及脂代谢方面比较两个不同海拔地区的牦牛血液生化指标的差异，为牦牛高原低氧适应性提供理论依据。在青海省大通种牛场（较高海拔地区）采集牦牛血样49份，在河北省红松洼牧场（较低海拔地区）采集牦牛血样29份，检测25项血液生化指标，采用独立样本t检验对2个牦牛群体的检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示，与较低海拔地区牦牛相比，较高海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及总胆红素（TBiL）、直接胆红素（DBiL）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLB）、肌酐（CRE）、尿酸（UA）、丙二醛（MDA）、葡萄糖（GLU）水平极显著升高（P<0.01），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著升高（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血管内皮舒张因子（NO）、白蛋白（ALB）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及白球比（A/G）极显著降低（P<0.01）；其余指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明，两个不同海拔地区的牦牛心肌酶活性、机体代谢功能及抗氧化能力存在一定差异，较高海拔地区的牦牛长期身处低氧环境，逐渐产生高原适应性。     

闽东南肉桂适应性的研究

本文在分析肉桂的自然地理分布、生态习性的基础上，比较了闽东南地区与广西梧州肉桂主产区在气候条件上的差异状况，通过调查探讨闽东南肉桂的适生性以及不同生态环境对肉桂生长的影响。结果认为闽东南是肉桂生长的适生区，可以大量引种栽培。     

Rooting and acclimatization of in vitro plantlets of mtl-D gene modified Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Idaho’

Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho' (Robinia×ambigua 'Idahoensis', R. pseudoacacia×R. viscosa) modified by a mtl-D gene went through five lines and had characteristics of drought tolerance. Three stages of their micropropagation had been studied by previous investigators. The other two stages, in vitro shoot rooting and plantlet acclimatization, still remained unsolved in the laboratory. For this paper, we studied the later two stages based on the previous achievements. Results showed that the highest rooting rate of Idaho locust was 98.4% when the in vitro shoots, over 2.5 cm in height and 0.08 cm in diameter, were placed on a half strength MS basal medium with 0.4 mg·L-1 IB A and 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA as supplements and were solidified with 0.5% agar; the highest survival rate was 98.3% when the rooted plantlets were potted in vermiculite. All the stages for micropropagation of the Idaho locust, modified by the mtl-D gene, were assembled completely. The tissue culture plants grow well in the field.