Comparison of dogs with septic peritonitis: 1988–1993 versus 1999–2003

Objective: To describe and compare the patient population, treatment, and outcome in dogs with septic peritonitis from 2 time periods at the same institution. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: The Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania. Animals: Dogs treated surgically for septic peritonitis between 1988–1993 and 1999–2003. Interventions: None. Measurements: Preoperative physical and clinicopathologic data, surgical findings, anesthetic parameters, treatment, and outcome. Main results: No significant difference in survival among dogs treated surgically for septic peritonitis between 1988 and 1993 (21/33 [64%]) and 1999–2003 (29/51 [57%]) was detected. The patient populations of the two time periods were similar. Changes in treatment between the study periods reflected availability of new antibiotics and synthetic colloids, as well as greater attention to pain management and ulcer prevention. Duration of hospitalization was not significantly different between the two time periods, but the daily cost adjusted to 2005 dollars was higher in 1999–2003. Potential prognostic indicators were compared between survivors and non‐survivors after combining the data from both time periods, and although several parameters reached statistical significance, of greatest clinical significance were the higher blood pressure and preoperative serum albumin in survivors. Conclusions: Although new treatments were added to the supportive care of dogs with septic peritonitis, survival did not change sufficiently to detect a significant difference between the time periods evaluated. Identifying reliable prognostic indicators for septic peritonitis remains a challenge, but hypotension and decreased preoperative serum albumin were associated with non‐survival in this group of dogs.     

不同日龄猪腹脂中脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因表达规律的研究

从猪腹脂中提取总RNA，用RT-PCR扩增脂肪酸合成酶基因（FAS），获得一条206bp的片段，以pGEM-TEasyvector为载体，将该基因片段克隆到大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α，筛选阳性克隆并测序。测序结果表明，得到的片段为FAS基因的部分序列，与GenBank中登录的猪FAS基因（AY183428）494～699之间序列同源性达到100％。以FAS基因片段的克隆为基础，构建了优化的半定量RT-PCR法，以18S rRNA为内标，研究从1日龄到28周龄杜长大腹脂中FAS基因表达的规律。结果显示，从1日龄到28周龄，FAS基因在腹脂mRNA水平呈逐渐升高的趋势；统计分析发现，1日龄与28周龄FAS在腹脂中mRNA水平存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。     

犬硬膜外阻滞对腹部手术应激的初步研究

8例犬间隔1个月分别施行2次腹部手术,第1次采用硬膜外阻滞(试验组,n=8),第2次采用硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉(对照组,n=8)。分别于麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后(T1)、切开腹壁时(T2)、手术30min(T3)、手术完毕时(T4)、手术后24h(T5)、手术后48h(T6)7个时间静脉采血,采用放射免疫法测定血浆皮质醇、白细胞介素-2浓度,采用比色法测定血糖浓度。结果:(1)对照组血浆皮质醇浓度平均值显著高于试验组(P<0·05),尤其在T3、T4时显著高于试验组(P<0·05)。对照组在T3、T4时血浆皮质醇浓度显著高于T0(P<0·05),而试验组各时间与T0比较均无显著差异(P>0·05);(2)对照组血浆白细胞介素-2浓度平均值极显著低于试验组(P<0·01),尤其在T1、T2、T5和T6时显著低于试验组。对照组在T5时、试验组在T3、T4时其血浆白细胞介素-2浓度均显著低于T0;(3)对照组血糖浓度平均值显著高于试验组,尤其在T4时显著高于试验组。对照组在T3、T4、T5和T6时、试验组则在T4时其血糖浓度均显著高于T0。结论:硬膜外阻滞组与硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉比较,硬膜外阻滞能够更有效缓解犬腹部手术的应激反应。     

穴位与内脏相关的初级传入联系途径

本文综述了穴位解剖组织学、针感及循经感传实质、穴位与内脏的初级传入神经在脊髓前、脊髓内汇聚以及穴位实质,穴位与内脏初级传入神经和针刺镇痛的关系。神经科学的研究表明,针感和内脏感觉的信号初级传入途径的研究,是探明穴位作用的特异性、内脏牵能与针刺镇痛机制的第一步,本文对研究和解释这个问题提供了可靠的形态学资料,为今后人们对内脏机能的深入研究提供了新的理论依据。     

LH受体在山羊结状神经节中的分布

为了检测山羊迷走神经结状神经节中是否有促黄体生成素受体(LHR)的存在,探讨促黄体生成素(LH)是否能够影响结状神经节内脏感觉神经元的功能活动。本试验采用免疫组织化学SP法观察LHR在结状神经节中的分布特征,利用IPP 6.0图像半定量分析系统分析LHR在结状神经节中阳性神经元和阳性非神经元上的表达量差异。结果显示,LHR主要分布在神经元细胞膜和细胞质中,呈棕黄色为强阳性。在带核的神经元中,神经元细胞核呈圆形空泡状,LHR为阴性反应。神经元群间的神经纤维呈淡黄色,LHR为弱阳性。LHR在神经元胞体上的相对表达量极显著高于节内其他阳性非神经元结构(P0.01)。结果表明,山羊结状神经节内脏感觉神经元是LH作用的主要靶细胞,提示LH有可能通过作用于结状神经节内脏感觉神经元胞体上的LHR参与调节内脏器官感觉信息的传导。     

GnRH受体在山羊结状神经节的分布

取山羊结状神经节5对,采用免疫组织化学SP法观察促性腺激素释放激素（Gonadotropin releasing hormon,GnRH）受体在结状神经节的分布特点。结果显示,GnRH受体在结状神经节上广泛分布,神经元、卫星细胞、神经纤维、血管肉皮细胞均有不同程度的免疫阳性染色。在神经元胞体中,细胞膜和细胞质有GnRH受体强阳性产物分布,核不着色;卫星细胞、血管内皮细胞也有强阳性产物分布;神经纤维存在弱阳性产物分布。图像分析结果表明,神经元中GnRH受体的相对表达量与其他非神经结构相比差异性显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明,山羊结状神经节中的GnRH受体主要存在于神经元中,山羊结状神经节中的内脏感觉传入神经元对GnRH具有反应性,提示GnRH结状神经节内脏感觉传入神经元的GnRH受体可能作为GnRH对内脏器官的内分泌调节和自主神经对内脏器官的神经调节这2种途径协调作用的节点。