抚河河口浮游动物多样性研究

2009年4、5月2次对抚河3个河口处浮游动物种类数量进行调查统计,结果表明,抚河河口浮游动物共83种,隶属于79属,其中轮虫和枝角类是抚河河口浮游动物中的优势群落,分别为29、25种,其次是桡足类17种,最后是原生动物16种。3个河口处的浮游动物基本不一样,统计得出的种类数与分属的属类接近,说明抚河河口处浮游动物多种多样。抚河大部分水质为Ⅱ类,部分水质为Ⅲ类,水质污染程度低,与浮游动物的多种多样有密切联系。     

东海毛颚类数量分布与环境关系

根据1997-2000年东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海毛颚类的数量分布,优势种丰度对总丰度变化的回归贡献进行了研究。结果表明:毛颚类总丰度有明显的季节变化,4季平均丰度(不含台湾海峡水域)为秋季(540ind/102m3)>夏季(322ind/102m3)>冬季(235ind/102m3)>春季(33ind/102m3);毛颚类高丰度区的移动和变化与带鱼渔场的移动和变化基本一致;春、秋季毛颚类总丰度与表层水温线性相关关系非常显著;肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)、海龙箭虫(Sagittanagae)和百陶箭虫(Sagittabedoti)是构成东海毛颚类总丰度变化的最主要种类,其中肥胖箭虫具有较广泛的空间与时间分布的适应性,海龙箭虫分布的水温偏低,是影响冬、春季总丰度变化的主要优势种,百陶箭虫分布的水温偏高,是影响夏、秋季总丰度变化的主要优势种。     

抚河源头水生生态环境评价

[目的]通过研究抚河源头水体中浮游动植物的种类及湿地植被分布状况,科学评价抚河源头水生生态环境。[方法]在形成抚河源头活水的抚河第一流——广昌驿前血木岭海拔900m以上的山涧溪流处随机设置10个采样点,在丰水期进行为期3个月的浮游动植物群落及湿地植被调查。同时研究水温、pH值、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数等。[结果]共检出7大类浮游动植物45种,其中绿藻数量较多,河生集星藻等优势种明显,未检出甲藻门、枝角类以及轮虫等浮游动植物;湿地植物不仅有大型的乔木,还有灌木、草本及藤本植物,初步统计植物隶属36科46属,共计50种。[结论]抚河源头水生生态环境良好,水质为Ⅰ类水。     

山东省近岸海域浮游动物的生态特征分析

[目的]监测山东省近岸海域浮游动物的生物特征。[方法]2015年春季在山东省近岸海域开展了浮游动物多样性监测,探讨其群落结构与水质理化因子的关系。[结果]共鉴定出浮游动物26种,种类组成以近岸低盐类群和广温广盐类群为主,兼有少量低温广盐类群,中华哲水蚤、腹针胸刺水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、强壮箭虫为优势种。[结论]群落结构各类指数站位间变幅较大,结合同步调查的水质理化因子相关性分析表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的环境因子,而叶绿素a含量是影响浮游动物生物量最重要的环境因子。     

渤海中部浮游动物的生态特征

本研究针对2013年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和12月(冬季)在渤海中部海域以浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网采集的浮游动物样品,分析了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度分布和多样性;通过结合现场环境参数,探讨了环境因子与浮游动物之间的关系。结果显示,4个季节共鉴定浮游动物74种(含浮游幼虫21类),桡足类为绝对优势的类群,在浮游动物的物种丰富度中占25.7%。渤海中部海域全年均出现的浮游动物优势种类共2个,分别为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)。春季共鉴定浮游动物29种(含浮游幼虫6类),浮游动物平均丰度为782.0 ind/m3,平均湿重生物量为157.1 mg/m3,香农-威纳指数(H’)和物种丰富度指数(D)分别为2.36和1.02;夏季共鉴定浮游动物45种(含浮游幼虫18类),浮游动物平均丰度为199.6 ind/m3,平均湿重生物量为135.8 mg/m3,H’和D分别为1.75和1.78;秋季共鉴定浮游动物42种(含浮游幼虫14类),浮游动物平均丰度为42.1 ind/m3,平均湿重生物量为122.5 mg/m3,H’和D分别为1.83和2.08;冬季共鉴定浮游动物33种(含浮游幼虫12类),浮游动物平均丰度为72.1 ind/m3,平均湿重生物量为151.1 mg/m3, H’和D分别为1.63和1.53。浮游动物丰度与环境因子间的相关性分析表明,春季影响渤海中部海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子组合为表盐、底溶解氧和水深;夏季影响渤海中部海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子组合为底温、底盐和叶绿素;秋季影响渤海中部海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子组合为表温、表pH和底pH;冬季影响渤海中部海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子组合为底pH和叶绿素。与同期历史数据相比,浮游动物的种类数、丰度和生物量均有所下降。     

东海毛颚类数量分布与环境关系

根据1997-2000年东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海毛颚类的数量分布,优势种丰度对总丰度变化的回归贡献进行了研究。结果表明:毛颚类总丰度有明显的季节变化,4季平均丰度(不含台湾海峡水域)为秋季(540ind/102m3)>夏季(322ind/102m3)>冬季(235ind/102m3)>春季(33ind/102m3);毛颚类高丰度区的移动和变化与带鱼渔场的移动和变化基本一致;春、秋季毛颚类总丰度与表层水温线性相关关系非常显著;肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)、海龙箭虫(Sagittanagae)和百陶箭虫(Sagittabedoti)是构成东海毛颚类总丰度变化的最主要种类,其中肥胖箭虫具有较广泛的空间与时间分布的适应性,海龙箭虫分布的水温偏低,是影响冬、春季总丰度变化的主要优势种,百陶箭虫分布的水温偏高,是影响夏、秋季总丰度变化的主要优势种。     

Fish larvae – zooplankton relationships in microcosm simulations of earthen nursery ponds. I. Freshwater system

To address the commercial nurseries problem of obtaining enough zooplankton of adequate species composition and size when fish larvae start to feed, a simulation of the effects of predation intensity on zooplankton composition in freshwater nursery ponds was carried out in an experimental system of twelve 130-liter containers. Treatments consisted of two densities (1 or 2 larvae l⁻¹) of common carp stocked on the 4th day after filling the containers and a control without fish. Zooplankton–environment relationships were explored using factor analysis. Several groups of zooplankters that respond in different ways to fish larvae predation pressure were identified. The first factor was a general measurement of zooplankton abundance that mainly reflects allochthonous rotifer species that entered the system with the filling water, replaced in time by autochthonous species that hatched from resting eggs in the sediment. The second factor identified the direct effects of size selective fish predation, and the third showed indirect effects of high fish density. Larvae growth rate matched the plankton availability: high just after stocking, when they fed on the abundant but declining numbers of allochthonous rotifers; then decreased drastically and increased again when hatching of resting eggs of autochthonous rotifers and the availability of the crustacean preys preferred by the fish, increased. It was concluded that in commercial nurseries increased larvae production can be achieved just by stocking fish earlier than the 4th day after pond filling, to match the rotifer peak.     

Foraging in a fractal environment: Spatial patterns in a marine predator-prey system

Spatial relationships between predators and prey have important implications for landscape processes and patterns. Highly mobile oceanic birds and their patchily distributed prey constitute an accessible model system for studying these relationships. High-frequency echosounders can be used together with simultaneous direct visual observations to quantitatively describe the distributions of seabird consumers and their resources over a wide range of spatial scales, yielding information which is rarely available in terrestrial systems.Recent fine-scale investigations which have used acoustics to study the distribution of foraging marine birds have reported weak or ephemeral spatial associations between the birds and their prey. These results are inconsistent with predictions of optimal foraging, but several considerations suggest that traditional foraging models do not adequately describe resource acquisition in marine environments. Relative to their terrestrial counterparts, oceanic landscapes are structurally very simple, but they generally lack visual cues about resource availability.An emerging view assumes that perceptually constrained organisms searching for food in multiscale environments should respond to patterns of resource abundance over a continuum of scales. We explore fractal geometry as a possible tool for quantifying this view and for describing spatial dispersion patterns that result from foraging behavior. Data on an Alaskan seabird (least auklet [Aethia pusilla]) and its zooplanktonic food resources suggest that fractal approaches can yield new ecological insights into complex spatial patterns deriving from animal movements.     

潍河口浮游动物优势种的肠道色素含量分析及其对浮游植物的摄食 …

于１９９８年６月大潮（１０～１３日）和小潮（１７～１９日）期间对潍河口及其临近海域浮动物的种类组成、优势种肠道色素含量和对浮的的粮食压力进行了现场测定。研究结果表明,浮游动物优势类九主要是双毛纺锤水蚤（Ａｃａｒｔｉａ ｂｉｆｉｂｏｓａ）、小拟哲水蚤（Ｐａｒａｃａｌａｕｎｗ ｐａｒｖｕｓ）、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Ａｃａｒｔｉａ ｐａｃｉｆｉｃａ）和浮游幼虫,在大部分站位占浮游动物数量组成的８０％以上,从分     

流沙湾水产养殖区浮游动物群落特征

于2012年5月–2013年1月对流沙湾海区浮游动物进行了周年性的季度调查,共检出浮游动物41种、幼体17类,以桡足类居多(29种)。亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、短尾类幼虫(Brachyuran larva)、长尾幼体(Macruran larva)在四季均有出现,并在3个季度中成为优势种。年均浮游动物丰度和生物量分别为48.12 ind./m3、13.43 mg/m3。扇贝主养区、鱼类网箱养殖区和珍珠贝养殖区的各季浮游动物丰度及生物量均低于对照区(非养殖区);大中型浮游动物主要出现在对照区,而在鱼、贝养殖区极少出现。冬季扇贝主养区多样性指数为各区最高,其浮游动物丰度、生物量迅速回升,高于鱼类网箱养殖区和珍珠贝养殖区,但仍低于对照区。研究结果显示,鱼、贝养殖区域流沙湾海区的浮游动物丰度及生物量比往年明显减小,浮游动物的小型化加剧。