设施栽培中限根对油桃幼树叶片叶绿素含量、叶干重变化的影响

研究了设施栽培中限根对沪油018幼树叶片叶绿素含量、叶片干重的变化特点。结果表明:(1)限根幼树在秋季枝条停长后,不同限根处理第1～8叶位叶片叶绿素含量均表现为“升—降—升”;相同叶位处理TR2各个叶位单位叶面积叶绿素含量均低于CK和TR1,CK仅在第1、8叶位较TR1高,而其它叶位均低于TR1。(2)测定盛花后19～262d树冠外围枝中部完全展开功能叶的叶绿素变化动态,结果不同限根处理Chla、总叶绿素含量与Chl(a/b)的变化均表现“降—升—降”的变化规律。限根对Chlb的季节变化进程的影响差异明显。(3)不同限根处理下比叶重的季节变化差异明显,但总的呈上升趋势。叶片干重含水量%的季节变化总的呈下降趋势,不同限根处理间的变化动态差异明显。     

不同套作模式对陕南幼龄桑园桑树生长及增效分析

农业生物多样性利用具有增加经济、生态、社会效益的功能,套作是最重要的农业生物多样性利用形式。为研究不同套种模式对桑树生长和综合效益的影响,在幼龄桑园分别套种大豆、绿豆、马铃薯、红薯、花生、芝麻6种农作物,比较6种套作模式下桑树的生长情况、桑叶产量及综合经济效益,并分析生长指标之间的相关性。结果表明：6种套作模式中,桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯、桑树/花生的平均枝条数及平均总枝条数显著高于其他模式,从平均枝条长来看则正好相反,而单位面积总枝条数差异不显著;从桑叶叶量来看,桑树/花生套作模式下最高,达16 391.90 kg/hm²,桑树/红薯次之,桑树/绿豆最低;根据相关性分析结果来看,套作幼龄桑园单位面积平均总条数(x)与平均总条长(y)有极显著相关性,拟合多项式方程为：y=0.247x²–2.506x+314.16(x>0);综合来看,桑树/花生套种模式较有利于幼龄桑树的生长,综合经济效益高于其他模式,其次为桑树/红薯、桑树/马铃薯模式。该研究为幼龄桑树套种模式的推广,桑园综合经济效益的提高提供了一定的理论依据。     

Effects of Low Temperature Stress and INA Bacteria on Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Induction Kinetics in Young Fruit of Two Apricot Cultivars

Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence inyoung fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity(Fv/Fo) ,conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS Ⅱ and photochemical quenching (qP) inyoung fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasingthe quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria in-tensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃.INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS Ⅱ activi-ty center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.     

油松大田移植容器苗培育技术

介绍了油松移植容器苗的芽苗、幼苗和成苗的培育技术,为提高油松在干旱半干旱区造林成活率提供育苗技术依据。     

雏番鸭鸭疫里默氏杆菌与大肠杆菌混合感染诊疗

吉林市船营区某鸭场雏番鸭发病死亡,经流行病学调查、临床症状、病理剖检、实验室诊断,最终确认为大肠杆菌与鸭疫里默氏杆菌混合感染。经过综合治疗,疫情得到控制。     

Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N₁ (0.2 g N/kg), N₂ (0.4 g N/kg), P₁ (0.2 g P₂O₅/kg) and P₂ (0.4 g P₂O₅/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (K_r), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased K_r, and K_r was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between K_r and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and K_r significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants.     

Wind dispersal of oribatid mites as a mode of migration

Oribatid mites are important colonizers of young soils, but little is known about their immigration pathways. In this study, one often-stated hypothesis was tested quantitatively: that wind is an important dispersal pathway. The aim was (1) to detect wind dispersal in oribatid mites (using sticky traps at different heights above ground level) and to determine factors influencing wind dispersal, (2) to investigate whether oribatids can survive wind dispersal and immigrate by wind into young soils (using mini-pitfall traps in test plots with oribatid-free substrate, active immigration being prohibited) and (3) to find out whether those oribatids are able to colonize young soils (using soil cores from the test plots). The results demonstrate (1) that mainly arboreal oribatid species were dispersed by wind - even at 160 m height - and can therefore be spread over large distances. Nevertheless, about 10% of the wind-dispersed oribatid mites belonged to species able to live in the soil and may therefore be potential colonizers of young soils. The number of specimen and species transported by wind was the highest close to the soil surface and the number of dispersed individuals was mainly influenced by seasonality and humidity. The results also suggest that the probability of a soil oribatid being dispersed by wind depends on its original microhabitat (tree habitats > soil surface > deeper soil layers) and its body weight. It was also shown that soil-dwelling oribatid mites survived wind dispersal and immigrated by wind into the test plots and that colonization of the test plots took at least 2 months longer than immigration. However, colonization success was low during the first 2 years of investigation and only Trichoribates incisellus was found several times in the nutrient-poor substrate. Therefore, wind dispersal is an important migration pathway, especially for arboreal oribatids. We suggest that immigration into young soils most likely occurs by repeated short-distance dispersal. Only some species are able to survive the hostile conditions of wind dispersal as well as of pioneer soils, but those that do are potentially the founders of new populations.     

苏柳932等5个柳树优良无性系幼林生长及干形的初步研究

为进一步了解柳树优良无性系的生长特点,为无性系的合理利用提供依据,对苏柳932,799,795,797和172等5个柳树优良无性系2年生幼林的树高、胸径、材积等生长指标以及生物量和形率进行了测定分析。结果表明,苏柳5个无性系的胸径平均值为4．28cm,其中苏柳172的平均胸径最大（4．71cm）;树高平均值为6．97m,其中苏柳795平均树高最高（7．75m）。苏柳795的形率qo．5、q0．7值分别为0．68,0．44,是各无性系中形率的最高值,主干生物量占单株地上部分总生物量的比例最高（76．02％）,出材率高,是优良的用材林树种;而苏柳932的总生物量最高,为12．35kg／株,枝量、叶量占总生物量的比例最大,为42．0％,14．4％,属于防风防浪和生物能源林的造林良种。     

Extract from the Zooxanthellate Jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata Modulates Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in Human Cell Cultures

On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed.     

海蜇头糖蛋白超声辅助提取工艺研究

为提高海蜇头糖蛋白提取效果,采用超声辅助提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,采用超声处理时间、超声功率和提取时间三因素三水平响应面分析试验以优化此工艺条件.结果表明:海蜇头目标糖蛋白超声辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为超声处理时间15 min,超声功率300 W,提取时间60 min;在此工艺条件下,糖蛋白实际得率为9.14%,与模型预测值之间具有较好的拟合性.在3个因素中,超声处理时间,超声功率对糖蛋白得率的影响极显著,提取时间影响不显著,且相互之间无交互效应.