兔斯氏艾美耳球虫病的病理学诊断

[目的]对某养殖场送检患病幼兔进行病理学诊断。[方法]剖检后对患病幼兔的肝脏及粪便进行涂片检查,并利用常规石蜡切片对其进行病理变化观察。[结果]剖检可见幼兔肝脏肿大,表面和切面可见黄白色小结节,结节内充满黄绿色脓性分泌物或干酪样物质。肝脏涂片检查可见艾美耳球虫虫卵及大、小配子体,粪便检查未见球虫卵囊。组织病理学观察结果表明,肝脏组织结构破坏,胆管上皮增生,在增生的胆管上皮内可观察到不同发育阶段的斯氏艾美耳球虫卵囊、大配子体和小配子体。[结论]送检幼兔被诊断为斯氏艾美耳球虫病。     

盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化。实验设计5、10、15、20、25、30等6个盐度梯度组。结果表明,蛋白酶、脂肪酶的比活在盐度为25时最高,而淀粉酶的比活在盐度为20时最高。各种消化酶在盐度20~30时消化酶比活的平均值要明显高于5~15时消化酶的平均值。对黄鳍鲷消化酶比活昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶比活的最高值分别在14∶00、20∶00和18∶00,最低值分别是12∶00、10∶00和6∶00。     

低温胁迫下小麦幼穗中差异表达蛋白质的鉴定

为探究低温胁迫下小麦幼穗中胁迫响应差异表达蛋白,采用IEF/SDS-PAGE双向凝胶电泳及质谱技术,以低温敏感品种SW601和低温不敏感品种陇麦157为材料,对常温生长、0℃低温胁迫12h和72h的幼穗全蛋白进行了分析。结果表明,在pH 4~7时,SW601和陇麦157各处理幼穗蛋白图谱中均可重复检测到800~900个有效蛋白质点;低温胁迫12h、72h后,SW601和陇麦157中上调表达的蛋白点分别有120个和101个,下调表达的蛋白点分别有92个和60个。对2种胁迫处理下均差异表达且Ratio2的54个蛋白点进行质谱分析,成功鉴定出43个差异蛋白。经数据库搜索匹配和蛋白质鉴定,这43个差异蛋白分别属于胁迫应激/防御相关蛋白、光合作用蛋白、蛋白代谢相关蛋白、碳水化合物代谢相关蛋白、信号传导相关蛋白、能量产生和运输相关蛋白和未知功能蛋白等7类蛋白。其中,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶和胚胎后期发育富集(LEA)同源蛋白14-A等蛋白的表达量在低温不敏感材料陇麦157中变化显著,而在低温敏感材料SW601中没有表达,这可能与小麦幼穗在低温逆境下的代谢调控和低温敏感特性有一定关系。     

富含多糖甜玉米幼穗RNA提取及高温胁迫基因表达分析

以改良Trizol试剂法从富含多糖的甜玉米幼穗中提取高质量、完整的总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR对高温胁迫下粤甜13雌穗发育的8个差异表达基因进行分析。结果表明,8个基因分为上调表达和下调表达,实时荧光定量PCR和测序法基因表达谱检测的基因上调或下调表达的趋势一致,上调表达基因ZM2G058057和下调表达基因ZM2G059964、ZM2G044670相对表达量较高,可能在高温胁迫影响甜玉米幼雌穗发育过程中起更重要的作用。     

黑沙蒿根系抗拉特性及其与化学成分的关联性

[目的] 探讨根系抗拉特性与主要化学成分含量的关联性,以期充实根系固土力学特性研究以及提供矿区生态恢复和植物保护的理论支持。[方法] 以神东矿区广泛分布的多年生灌木黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）为研究对象,利用TY8000伺服式强力机,研究1~4 mm径级直根段、含侧根分支处根段抗拉材料的力学特性并测定各径级的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,研究根系材料力学及其与化学成分的关联性。[结果] ①随着根系直径增加,黑沙蒿直根段、含侧根分支处根段抗拉力增加,而抗拉强度和杨氏模量减小,且抗拉力、抗拉强度和杨氏模量都与根系直径呈幂函数关系。②直根段、含侧根分支处根段化学成分含量差异显著（p<0.05）,平均化学成分含量为：半纤维素（31.69%,32.18%） > 木质素（28.42%,25.30%） > 纤维素（15.50%,15.35%）。③随着根系直径增加,直根段纤维素含量减小,半纤维素和木质素含量增加,而含侧根分支处根段纤维素含量减小,半纤维素和木质素含量无变化。④直根段抗拉强度、杨氏模量与纤维素极显著正相关（p<0.01）,与半纤维素、木质素极显著负相关（p<0.01）。含侧根分支处根段抗拉强度、杨氏模量与纤维素极显著正相关（p<0.01）,与半纤维素、木质素无相关性。[结论] 黑沙蒿根系抗拉特性与化学成分表现出一定的相关性,且纤维素是影响灌木根系材料力学特性的主要化学组分。     

GLS油茶无性系幼林产量构成规律的研究

分析GLS系列油茶无性系幼林的始产期产量构成变化规律,结果表明示范林始产期后产量构成表现为低产株数比例逐年降低,高产株数比例逐年提高;低产株数比例累积逐年减少,高产株数比例累积逐年增加;林分群体逐年由低比例高产植株承担群体低比率的产量向高产植株比例增加,同时承担群体产量也提高的趋势发展;林分群体产量逐年度增加。经营措施对油茶林分群体产量构成产生明显的影响,经营水平高的油茶无性系林分不挂果与低产级别的产量比率较低,高产级别植株级别的产量比率较高,林分整体产量高;经营水平可以决定着低产株积累量向高产株数积累增加的进程,经营水平越高,低产株积累量随年度降幅越大,林分群体产量越高。     

棉花不同组织DNA的不同提取方法比较

[目的]研究棉花不同组织DNA提取的最佳方法。[方法]以棉花嫩叶、种子、黄化苗作为研究对象,比较CTAB法、SDS法、SDSCTAB法提取DNA的效果。[结果]若对DNA的量没有要求,棉花嫩叶、种子、黄化苗等组织均应选用SDS-CTAB法提取DNA。若对DNA的量有一定要求,如浓度需大于100 ng/μl,质量大于20 000 ng的情况下,针对不同试验材料推荐使用的提取方法是:棉花嫩叶用CTAB法,棉花种子SDS法,棉花黄化苗CTAB法。[结论]为快速高通量地检测转基因棉花基因漂移距离和频率提供参考。     

Forest School and its impacts on young children: Case studies in Britain

As Forest School has become more widespread throughout Britain an understanding is needed of its impact. This paper outlines a two-phase evaluation project undertaken in Wales and England from 2002 to 2005. The evaluation was undertaken through a partnership between Forest Research and the New Economics Foundation. A methodology was developed to explore the impacts of Forest School on children and this was then used to track changes in 24 children at three case study areas over an 8-month period. The research highlights that children can benefit in a range of ways. Six themes emerged from the data of the positive impacts on children in terms of confidence, social skills, language and communication, motivation and concentration, physical skills and knowledge and understanding. Two further themes highlight the wider impacts of Forest School on teachers, parents, and the extended family. Contact with the natural environment can be limited for children and young people in contemporary society due to concerns about safety outdoors and issues of risk and liability. Forest School provides an important opportunity for children to gain access to and become familiar with woodlands on a regular basis, while learning academic and practical skills. The constructivist theory of learning seems to be particularly suited to the Forest School approach as children make meaning from their direct experiences. The participatory action research approach taken in this study promoted reflective practice amongst the stakeholders involved and provided them with a sense of ownership of the study, as well as an opportunity to learn from each other.     

植物性抗生育剂防治幼林地兔害研究

在山西省吕梁山国有林管理局下李林场新造油松和侧柏混交林内,以20m×40m的面积投放一堆植物性抗生育剂和红胡萝卜混合药饵200g,对照地不放药。通过对施药前后试验地与对照地兔粪和苗木为害率调查数据进行统计分析,结果表明,与对照相比,投放植物性抗生育剂能显著减少幼林地内野兔活动频率和对苗木的为害。     

Number of Pollen Grains in Rice Cultivars with Different Cool-Weather Resistance at the Young Microspore Stage

Abstract

The difference in the number of pollen grains may be the primary factor determining the resistance to cool weather at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared the number of pollen grains among the cultivars or lines with various cool-weather resistance. The cultivars or lines used in the experiments were mainly released or grown in the Tohoku district (the northern part of the mainland of Japan). The number of pollen grains showed high correlation with the degree of cool-weather resistance, but considerably varied with the cultivar or line, even in the group having the same cool-weather resistance. Each group with different cool-weather resistance was divided into two subgroups, implying the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. The number of pollen grains in the plants cooled at the young microspore stage showed higher correlation with the degree of the cool-weather resistance than that in the control plants without exposure to low temperature. The correlation between the pollen number and spikelet sterility was also analyzed using the data of Satake and Shibata (1992, Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 61 :454–462), who primarily used the cultivars in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan). The results were basically the same as those obtained in the present experiments. These results confirmed the hypothesis that the variation in the number of pollen grains is a primary factor of the resistance to cool weather at the booting stage in the cultivars in the northern part of Japan. The results also suggested the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance.