Digestive Enzyme Activity during Larval Development of Black Snook,Centropomus nigrescens

Black snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced.     

Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.     

烟青虫初孵幼虫的高效快速收集方法

比较了常用的烟青虫人工收集方法和新研发的烟青虫初孵幼虫快速收集方法的效果。试验结果表明,与人工收集方法相比,快速收集方法获得初孵幼虫所用时间少,收集的初孵幼虫存活率搞,达96.33%,且收集的幼虫发育更加整齐,雌、雄蛹单头质量(雌蛹295.33 mg,雄蛹284.66 mg)略大;还可节省大量人力,避免了人工挑虫对初孵幼虫的伤害,保障了烟青虫实验种群的大量优质扩繁。     

蝇蛆养殖技术的研究：Ⅰ.影响成蝇卵量的因子作用模型

蝇蛆含有丰富的营养物质,是一种很有前途的动物蛋白源。本文采用正交旋转组合设计方法建立了影响种蝇卵量的多目标因子作用模型,并进行了主因子效应和交互效应分析。结果表明:种蝇饲养室温度是影响种群产卵历期的主因子;饲养室温度和饲养密度是影响前20天总卵量的主因子;饲养密度和光照时数对种群卵量的交互效应显著;饲养室温度和光照时数对种群产卵历期的交互效应显著。     

陆地棉×亚洲棉胚胎在培养条件下的发育研究

离体培养陆地棉与亚洲棉杂种胚珠,并以陆地棉自交为对照。观察结果表明,杂种胚胎表现出明显的生长优势,能顺利地通过胚胎发育的各个时期而达成熟胚。其原因是,胚乳游离核迅速解体,珠心组织也随之解体,而不形成胚乳细胞并使胚囊腔迅速扩展,使杂种胚有足够的营养源,并提供了足够的生长空间。自交胚胎的生育速度远不及杂种胚,发育受抑,尤其是球形胚到心形胚的时期较长。     

武汉南湖摇蚊幼虫中国新记录

本文记述了武汉南湖摇蚊幼虫中国新记录属、种。６个新记录种为美丽前突摇蚊Ｐｒｏｃｌａｄｉｕｓ （Ｐｓｉｌｏｔａｎｙｐｕｓ）ｂｅｌｌ－ｕｓ（Ｌｏｅｗ），毛突摇蚊Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｌａｄｉｕｓ ｓｐ．，普隆蒂内曼摇蚊Ｔｈｉｅｎｅｍａｎｉｏｌａ ｐｌｏｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋｉｅｆｆｅｒ，伸足凯氏摇蚊Ｋｉｅｆｆｅｒｕｌｕｓ ｔｅｎｄｉｐｅｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ Ｇｏｅｔｇｈｅｂｕｅｒ，微小摇蚊Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕ     

琯溪蜜柚砂囊粒化的无损检测

摘 要：柑橘砂囊粒化是柑果成熟期与采后贮藏期的常见生理性病害,严重影响果实品质。本文采用1.5 T 高场磁共振成像仪对采后贮藏30 d的琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]果实进行磁共振扫描检查,并以同层断面解剖图为对照,评估磁共振成像（MRI）应用于柑橘砂囊粒化症无损检测的有效性。结果表明, MRI检测中,T2WI能够显著区分果肉组织与海绵层组织的信号差异,其信号强度可代表果实组织相对含水量;T2WI信号在砂囊粒化部位强度显著降低,病变组织的失水特征清晰,与解剖结果一致。T2WI对砂囊粒化的确诊率100%,显著优于T1WI成像的识别率41.7%（χ2 = 5.76,P = 0.016）;T2WI和T1WI均能显示种籽照影,但T2WI对果肉组织影像的分辨率优于T1WI,因此MRI的T2WI分析可作为一种无损检测方法,对柚商品果实上市前砂囊粒化症发生程度以及种籽有无进行评估。     

桉树尺蠖幼虫不同危害时期施药防治效果比较

桉树尺蠖是闽南地区桉树林中发生最严重的食叶害虫,为控制其危害,确定最佳防治适期,通过采用林间喷洒2％阿维菌素+苏云金杆菌粉剂的方法,比较第1代幼虫危害早期(5月2日)、危害中期(5月13日)和危害后期(5月30日)分别进行防治的效果,结果表明:在第1代尺蠖幼虫危害早期,每667m2使用500 g药剂进行防治,5 d后虫...