红小豆主要农艺性状的遗传参数分析

对15份红小豆种质资源的7个农艺性状进行了遗传参数研究。结果表明:百粒重、单株荚数、单株粒重、荚长的遗传力较高,受环境影响较小,可在早世代进行选择;单株粒重和单株荚数的遗传变异系数较高,相对遗传进度较大,直接选择效果较为理想;相关分析表明:单株粒重与单株荚数、百粒重呈极显著正相关,且单株荚数和百粒重遗传力较高。因此,可以通过对单株荚数和百粒重的选择来间接提高单株粒重进而达到提高单位面积产量的目的。     

Resistance to bean common mosaic potyvirus strains and its inheritance in some Indian land races of common bean

Evaluation of 397 common bean accessions of diverse origin revealed the presence of effective sources of resistance against bean common mosaic potyvirus strains prevalent in Himachal Pradesh, a north-western Himalayan state of India. 21 accessions viz., KR 7, KR 225, KR 295, KRC 4, KRC 7, KRC 11, KRC 12, KRC 13, KRC 16, KRC 22, Amanda, Black Turtle Soup, Contender, Hans, Great Northern UI 123, Improved Tender Green 40031, Jubila, Kentucky wonder, Monroe, Premier and Sanilac, were found resistant to NL-1n and NL-7n strains. Some of the genotypes showed strain specific resistance. Pattern of inheritance studied in Hans, Contender, KRC 4 and KRC 22 of Indian origin against strain NL-1n revealed that single dominant gene governed the resistance in Hans and Contender whereas single recessive gene determined the resistance in KRC 22 and KRC 4. SCAR marker SW13₆₉₀ amplified a product of 690 bp in Hans and Contender, confirmed the presence of I gene in these cultivars. The implications of above genes in breeding for programme for BCMV resistance are discussed.     

粘红酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌菌肥对芸豆豆苗生长的影响

[目的]为了探索餐厨废水资源化利用,以生产生物肥料的可行性.[方法]以餐厨废水为原料,分别接种粘红酵母（R.glutinis）和地衣芽孢杆菌（B.licheniformis）进行发酵培养,获得生物菌肥,以基肥形式进行芸豆盆栽肥效测试,分别测定了粘红酵母菌肥、地衣芽孢杆菌菌肥及二者的混合菌肥对芸豆豆苗生长的影响.[结果]粘红酵母利用餐厨废水发酵24h以后可积累生物量10 g/L以上,地衣芽孢杆菌利用餐厨废水发酵60h后高温淀粉酶活力可达950 U以上;施以单一菌肥时,粘红酵母菌肥和地衣芽孢杆菌菌肥对豆苗径粗增长均有促进作用（前者的促进作用更明显）,而对豆苗株高增长有明显的抑制效应;以不同剂量、不同比例施以混合菌肥时,当粘红酵母与地衣芽孢杆菌质量比为4∶1,总施肥量为0.2g/盆时,混合菌肥对径粗的促进作用最大,对株高的抑制效应最小.[结论]粘红酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌的混合菌对芸豆豆苗径粗增长有明显的促进作用,可作为生物肥料使用.     

Inheritance of pod cross-section in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Summary OSU 5062, a green bean line with a tendency for pods to become creasebacked (wider than deep) in cross-section, was crossed to near-round-podded cultivars Oregon 83 and Slenderette, oval-podded Bountiful, and flat-podded Roma, to further clarify the inheritance of pod cross-section. Differences among generations in pod cross-section index (PCS), calculated as pod width/depth, were small in the near-round x creaseback crosses (1.07 and 1.01 for Oregon 83 and Slenderette versus 1.20 for OSU 5062). Bountiful (0.63) and Roma (0.50) differed to a greater extent from 5062. Generation means of individual plant PCS of the F₁ and F₂ were almost identical, were almost exactly intermediate between parents, and strongly supported additive inheritance. Backcross data generally supported additive inheritance, but in some cases indicated degrees of dominance of higher PCS. A generation means analysis indicated additive gene action, but deviations from an additive-dominance model were significant in each cross.     

逆转录环介导等温扩增技术检测南方菜豆花叶病毒

 根据南方菜豆花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因序列设计并合成了4组RT-LAMP引物,通过引物筛选试验,确定SB1组引物为最佳引物,并进行了引物特异性与灵敏度检测试验,最终建立了南方菜豆花叶病毒的RT-LAMP检测方法。灵敏度检测试验显示,RT-LAMP方法比普通RT-PCR法灵敏度高10倍,而检测时间明显缩短,整个反应过程只需40 min。此外,体系中加入钙黄绿素,反应结束后,可裸眼观察颜色变化来判定结果。本研究所建立的SBMV RT-LAMP方法具有快速、稳定、灵敏、特异、操作简单的特点,适合于SBMV的现场快速检测。     

绿豆氮磷钾施肥效应与最优施肥量研究

通过研究不同氮、磷、钾肥施用量对绿豆产量及产量构成因子的影响,确定绿豆施肥模式和氮、磷、钾肥的最佳配比。采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,建立了氮、磷和钾的施肥量编码值与绿豆产量及其构成因子的效应函数。结果显示,3种肥料对绿豆产量影响为氮>磷>钾。随氮、磷肥施用量的增加,产量、单株荚数和百粒重先升高后降低;试验范围内,磷钾互作对绿豆产量和单株荚数起促进作用。目标产量为2 104.6~2 215.2kg/hm²,对应N、P₂O₅和K₂O优化施肥量分别为81.2~89.3、124.8~133.5和82.6~90.7kg/hm²。施用量配比为N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=1∶1.54∶1.03（N为87.4kg/hm²）时,产量最大（2 215.2kg/hm²）。当N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=1∶1.54∶1.05（N为80.4kg/hm²）时,经济效益最佳（15 589.89元/hm²）。     

蚕豆—甜玉米—晚稻高产栽培技术

总结了蚕豆—甜玉米—晚稻高产栽培技术,包括选用良种、合理轮作、种植规格、育苗、田间管理、病虫防治、适时收获等技术内容,为该栽培模式的推广应用提供参考。     

多效唑和摘心处理对中华香草矮化效应的研究

通过施用不同浓度的多效唑(PP333)并结合摘心处理,比较了不同处理对中华香草的节数、株高、叶数、茎粗、分枝情况、叶长、叶宽、叶绿素含量以及开花情况等的影响。结果表明,50 mg/L的PP333结合摘心处理对中华香草矮化效果最佳,与其他各处理在0.05水平上有差异,而且生长茂盛,株型较好。     

投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

分别以配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆、发芽蚕豆喂养体质量为(530±20)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)77 d,以考察投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响.结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼的增重率分别为83.08%、55.01%和62.82%,饵料系数分别为2.03、2.96和2.70,投饲浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆显著降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.05),增加了饲料系数(P<0.05):与配合饲料组相比,浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P<0.05),胶原蛋白含量和肌纤维直径显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉游离氨基酸中呈味氨基酸的含量显著下降(P<0.05),而必需氨基酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉的硬度和黏性也有了显著提高(P<0.05).上述结果表明,饲喂蚕豆可显著改善草鱼肌肉品质,但同时降低了草鱼生长性能.[中国水产科学,2008,15(6):1 042-1 049]     

Evaluation of nutritional values of selected commercial fish meal sources in turbot (Psetta maxima) diets

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional values of selected commercial fish meals (FM) with two experiments in diets of turbot. In experiment I, five diets based on two Peruvian anchovy meals (one is a flame‐dried FM: Peru‐1 and the other steam‐dried FM: Peru‐2), a Danish FM (Danish LT), a domestic anchovy LT meal (Domestic LT) and an Alaskan white FM (WFM) as major protein source were formulated to contain 56% protein. The diets were fed to fish with an initial average weight of 119.4 ± 0.1 g for 9 weeks. Growth rate, feed utilization, whole body and visceral compositions, nitrogen, lipid and energy balances did not significantly change in Experiment 1 among the treatments. In Experiment 2, four diets based on three FMs (Domestic LT, Danish LT and Peru‐1) and their mixture (Mix FM) were formulated to contain 50% protein and fed to triplicated groups of fish with an average initial weight of 51.4 ± 0.1 g for 6 weeks. Once again, there were no significant differences in growth rate and feed consumption among the treatments. However, fish on Mix FM diet had significantly better FCR and PER than the others. The results of two experiment indicated that Danish LT and Domestic LT were better in terms of phosphorus (P) retention and losses than two Peruvian FMs and WFM, suggesting that although different sources of FMs were comparable in terms of growth and feed utilization, they could lead to substantial differences in environmental impacts.