潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫空间分布型研究

本文应用Iwao和Tayla’s回归模型以及6个聚集度指标(C、CA、M^*、M^8／m、I、K),对蚕豆田潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫的空间分布型进行了研究。测定结果属聚集分布,为田间调查及保护天敌提供了依据。     

Comparative efficiency of acid phosphatase originated from plant and fungal sources

A study was conducted to demonstrate the comparative efficiency of acid phosphatase generated by plants or fungi towards the hydrolysis of different organic P compounds present in soil. The results revealed that acid phosphatases were most efficient in the hydrolysis of glycerophosphate followed by lecithin and phytin. The P release increased with increase in enzyme concentration. Acid phosphatase generated from fungal sources showed three times greater efficiency in the hydrolysis of phytin, two times greater efficiency in hydrolysis of lecithin than plant phosphatase. Both sources were at par in hydrolyzing glycerophosphate. The results suggest that acid phosphatase generated from plant and fungal sources is different and microbial acid phosphatase to be more efficient than that from plant sources.     

重庆地区油菜收获后单作竹豆适宜播期和翻埋期的研究

在重庆地区,选择夏季豆科绿肥作物竹豆为研究对象,设置3个播期(间隔5d)与3个翻压期(间隔15d),测定了不同生育期竹豆的地上/地下干物质和养分含量;采取尼龙袋法测定不同翻压期竹豆干物质和氮磷钾等养分的腐解速率;同时测定了竹豆翻埋后土壤速效养分含量的变化情况。结果表明,播期与翻压期显著影响单作竹豆生物量及养分含量。随着播期的推迟,地上部干重显著下降,根冠比早期下降,后期有增加趋势。推迟播种时,植株全氮含量在生育后期整体高于对照。植株全磷含量不同时期变化趋势不同,全钾含量推迟播种后整体表现出显著下降的趋势。翻埋后,不同播期植株干物质及养分降解速率变化趋势基本一致,翻压期推迟15d时的干物质、全氮、全磷及全钾残留率均显著高于对照。随着翻埋时间的延长,土壤碱解氮含量整体呈增加趋势,而土壤速效钾和速效磷含量不同时期存在差异。综合分析认为,在重庆地区单作竹豆应在前茬油菜收获后推迟10d播种,翻压时间宜在8月初。     

Assessment of prebiotic potentials in selected leaf meals of high dietary fibre on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and amylase activities of a tropical commercial carp fingerlings

The performance of selected leaf meals of high dietary fibre in the feed of a tropical commercial carp, hybrid lemon fin barb (Barbonymus gonionotus ♀ × Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂) was evaluated in a 56‐day feeding trial. The tropical carp juveniles (9.43 ± 0.05 g) were randomly stocked in 60‐L aquaria at 15 fish per aquarium. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (30% crude protein, 17 kJ/g gross energy) containing no leaf meal and 10% napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) and Gliricidia sepium leaf meals were formulated and tested. Three aquaria were randomly assigned to each experimental diet. The results showed that fish‐fed diets containing leaf meals showed superior growth performance and body composition which was better than those fed control diet. The leaf meal‐treated groups also had higher values of protein, lipid, energy retention and production of digestive enzymes amylase. Conclusively, the results indicated that leaf meal fibre provided better performance showing the inherent prebiotic effect of the utilization of these leaf meal in hybrid lemon fin barb .     

Terrestrial leaf meals or freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus 1758)

Three terrestrial leaf meals, Carica papaya, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oliefera and a freshwater aquatic fern, Azolla pinnata were evaluated as potential ingredients for farmed abalone diet. All diets were formulated to contain 27% crude protein, 13% of which was contributed by the various leaf meals. Fresh seaweed Gracilariopsis bailinae served as the control feed. Juvenile Haliotis asinina (mean body weight=13.4±1.6 g, mean shell length= 38.8±1.4 mm) were fed the diets at 2–3% of the body weight day^–1. Seaweed was given at 30% of body weight day^–1. After 120 days of feeding, abalone fed M. oliefera, A. pinnata‐based diets, and fresh G. bailinae had significantly higher (P<0.01) specific growth rates (SGR%) than abalone fed the L. leucocephala‐based diet. Abalone fed the M. oliefera‐based diet had a better growth rate in terms of shell length (P<0.05) compared with those fed the L. leucocephala‐based diet but not with those in other treatments. Furthermore, protein productive value (PPV) of H. asinina was significantly higher when fed the M. oliefera‐based diet compared with all other treatments (P<0.002). Survival was generally high (80–100%) with no significant differences among treatments. Abalone fed the M. oliefera‐based diet showed significantly higher carcass protein (70% dry weight) and lipid (5%) than the other treatments. Moringa oliefera leaf meal and freshwater aquatic fern (A. pinnata) are promising alternative feed ingredients for practical diet for farmed abalone as these are locally available year‐round in the Philippines.     

芦丁和IAA对绿豆黄化幼苗伸长的影响及对相关基因的RT-PCR

就芦丁(20~100μg/mL)、IAA(0.5~2.0μg/mL)及芦丁(40μg/mL)加IAA(0.5~2.0μg/mL)对绿豆黄化幼苗伸长的影响进行了研究.结果表明,芦丁对黑暗中生长的绿豆黄化幼苗下胚轴和胚根的伸长均有抑制作用,添加IAA促进了这种抑制作用.RT-PCR扩增产物的分析表明,绿豆黄化幼苗经芦丁和IAA分别处理或混合处理之后,其体内吲哚氨基酸水解酶基因、吲哚-3-甘油磷酸合成酶基因及查尔酮合成酶基因的表达在不同处理间表现出差异和多态性,芦丁处理后,其吲哚-3-甘油磷酸合成酶基因不表达.不同的RNA提取程序的比较认为,异硫氰酸胍有助于绿豆黄化幼苗RNA的提取.RT-PCR反应中不同退火温度的比较显示,较高的退火温度(60℃)有助于特异性扩增.     

有机肥对长豇豆连作土壤养分及酶活性的影响

以连作3年的长豇豆土壤为对象,研究了不同来源的有机肥料对长豇豆连作土壤有机质、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在收获后施用鸡粪、猪粪为主的有机肥的土壤有机质含量、土壤有效N、P、K含量显著高于施用海产品残渣有机肥的;施用化肥的土壤有效N、P、K含量显著高于施用有机肥的。不同有机肥处理均提高了土壤pH值,而硫酸钾型复合肥处理使土壤pH值降低。土壤酶活性分析结果表明,在长豇豆的各生育期内,不同肥源有机肥处理均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶的活性,而化肥处理降低了土壤酶活性。在长豇豆采摘盛期,土壤酶活性最高,各处理间差异显著,其中,鸡粪处理效果最好,猪粪处理次之。     

木耳内酯豆腐的工艺研究

以大豆、木耳为原料,以葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)为凝固剂,研究了木耳内酯豆腐的加工工艺,并以产品的凝固状态、弹性、质地、风味、口感等感官特性为产品品质评价指标。通过正交试验研究了豆浆浓度、木耳添加量、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯添加量对木耳内酯豆腐质量的影响。结果表明,大豆和水的质量比为1∶5,木耳质量分数为5%,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯质量分数为0.3%时,木耳内酯豆腐具有良好的凝固效果,且口感细腻、弹性强。     

小豆生长发育规律的研究——Ⅲ.小豆籽粒灌浆进程及播后籽粒干物质转移速率的研究

研究表明:小豆开花后籽粒干物质积累以及播后籽粒干物质转移后的残留量变化呈正态曲线。播后第8天前后为幼苗自身供养与异养的临界期,生育后期的中期为籽粒灌浆的快速时期。     

微核监测技术在蚕豆种质资源耐盐性评价中的应用研究

研究了100份蚕豆种质的根尖细胞微核率及盐敏指数差异情况,以盐胁迫发芽试验的相对盐害率为参照指标,分析微核率、盐敏指数和相对盐害率间的相关关系。结果表明:微核监测技术适用于蚕豆种质的耐盐性鉴定,供试的100份蚕豆种质在3.0%NaCl盐溶液胁迫下的微核率变异幅度为8.3‰~15.3‰,盐敏指数变异幅度为0.33~2.56;以盐敏指数为耐盐指标,对上述100份蚕豆种质资源进行耐盐力分级,其中Ⅰ级占3%、Ⅱ级占9%、Ⅲ级占18%、Ⅳ级占32%、Ⅴ级占38%。