不同贮藏温度和保鲜处理对黄秋葵贮藏品质及生理的影响

为探讨采后不同贮藏温度对黄秋葵贮藏品质的影响以及不同保鲜剂对黄秋葵抗氧化酶活性的影响,以台湾“五福”黄秋葵为试材,分别置于低温（（4±1）℃、（9±1）℃、（14±1）℃）和常温（（20±1）℃）条件下贮藏,研究温度对其贮藏品质的影响;采用1.0%壳聚糖、5.0 mmol/L水杨酸、0.5片安喜布、5%O2+8%CO2处理黄秋葵,研究保鲜处理对其抗氧化酶活力的影响。结果表明：（9±1）℃贮藏组的保鲜效果最好,显著改善了贮藏期间黄秋葵的失重率、硬度、叶绿素含量、VC含量、L值、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、MDA含量、细胞膜相对电导率;4种保鲜处理均能显著提高黄秋葵的SOD、POD、CAT活性,并维持其活性在相对较高的水平;同时,显著抑制黄秋葵果实MDA含量的升高。通过研究发现,壳聚糖涂膜液处理组的效果最佳,水杨酸处理组次之并优于1-MCP处理组,气调处理组的效果相对较差。     

高温预处理玉米秸秆条件的优化

对玉米秸秆高温预处理条件进行优化,以降低还原糖损失率和提高灰分去除率为目的,探讨了高温预处理时料液比、蒸煮温度、蒸煮时间对还原糖得率的影响。通过采用单因素多水平试验方法得到最优预处理条件为料液比1∶7,蒸煮温度118℃,蒸煮时间0.5 h。在此最优条件下,预处理后的秸秆还原糖损失率为1.86%,灰分去除率为35.2%。     

海仙花花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的研究

以海仙花(Weigela coraeensis)新鲜花粉作为试材,采用花粉液体培养法,研究了硼酸、温度及培养时间对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,明确海仙花花粉萌发的适宜条件,为海仙花的杂交育种提供参考数据。结果表明:在花粉萌发和花粉管生长过程中,最适硼酸浓度分别为0.01%和0.02%,萌发率达75.28%,花粉管长度为594.66μm;离体培养最佳温度为20℃;最佳培养时间均为6 h。     

-1℃贮藏下不同品种设施蓝莓果实耐储特性的比较

以天津蓟州区8个蓝莓品种为试材,通过-1℃下贮藏70 d内果实8项指标的变化,研究了不同蓝莓品种的耐贮性。结果表明:各指标显著下降时的贮藏天数分别为果实硬度贮藏至第14天,维生素C和花青素含量贮藏至第35天,好果率和可溶性糖含量贮藏至第42天。说明果实硬度最先下降。可溶性固形物、总酚和类黄酮含量均呈先增加后下降。贮藏70 d后,各品种的好果率逐渐下降,但都在80%以上;硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量下降了20%~49%、7%~36%、18%~41%;维生素C、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量分别下降了28%~53%、6%~40%、29%~74%、20%~54%。"布里吉塔"的各项指标均最高(除类黄酮外),"蓝金"的类黄酮最高。隶属函数综合分析显示耐贮性由高到低依次为"布里吉塔">"蓝金">"莱克西"="北陆"="蓝丰"="瑞卡">"奥尼尔">"伯克利"。     

我国蔬菜作物耐低温性研究进展

低温胁迫是蔬菜生产过程中的主要逆境因子,对蔬菜作物的生长发育、商品产量形成影响极大。本文综述了蔬菜作物耐低温性的遗传模型、生理调节和分子机制,展望了蔬菜作物耐低温性的研究前景。     

蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应

以阔叶空心菜为试材,研究蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应。结果表明：绿化阶段结束时处理L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1（光强7 000 lx,红光∶蓝光∶白光为4∶1∶1）的脱壳率显著高于其他处理;光强为7 000 lx 时,3 种光质处理的蕹菜芽苗菜可食部分干质量均显著高于白光对照;光照强度过高显著影响叶绿素的累积,高光强（L₁₁₀₀₀）下的叶绿素a、叶绿素b 含量及叶绿素总量随红光比例的增加而降低,同时子叶白化现象越发明显;不同光强条件下,3 种光质处理的抗坏 血酸含量均随着红光比例的增加而降低,而可溶性糖含量处理间差异不显著;主成分分析结果表明,L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1 在本试验条件下表现最佳,是较适宜蕹菜芽苗菜工厂化生产的LED 光源配方。     

Low soil temperature reducing the yield of drip irrigated rice in arid area by influencing anther development and pollination

Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.     

Abrupt temperature change and a warming hiatus from 1951 to 2014 in Inner Mongolia,China

An abrupt temperature change and a warming hiatus have strongly influenced the global climate.This study focused on these changes in Inner Mongolia, China. This study used the central clustering method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and other methods to explore the abrupt temperature change and warming hiatus in three different temperature zones of the study region based on average annual data series.Among the temperature metrics investigated, average minimum temperature(Tnav) shifted the earliest,followed by average temperature(Tnv) and average maximum temperature(Txav). The latest change was observed in summer(1990 s), whereas the earliest was observed in winter(1970 s). Before and after the abrupt temperature change, Tnav fluctuated considerably, whereas there was only a slight change in Txav.Before and after the abrupt temperature change, the winter temperature changed more dramatically than the summer temperature. Before the abrupt temperature change, Tnav in the central region(0.322°C/10 a)and west region(0.48°C/10 a) contributed the most to the increasing temperatures. After the abrupt temperature change, Tnav in winter in the central region(0.519°C/10 a) and in autumn in the west region(0.729°C/10 a) contributed the most to the temperature increases. Overall, in the years in which temperature shifts occurred early, a warming hiatus also appeared early. The three temperature metrics in spring(1991)in the east region were the first to exhibit a warming hiatus. In the east region, Txav displayed the lowest rate of increase(0.412°C/a) in the period after the abrupt temperature change and before the warming hiatus,and the highest rate of increase after the warming hiatus.     

腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的寄生功能反应

为评估腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控害潜能,在实验室条件下（湿度60%~80%,光周期16L：8D）研究了20、24、28、32℃下腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的寄生功能反应和20、24、28℃下腰带长体茧蜂的自身密度干扰效应。结果表明：在20~32℃内,腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟的寄生功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型;相同温度下,随着寄主亚洲玉米螟密度的增加,腰带长体茧蜂寄生量增加,但当寄主密度增加到一定数量后,寄生量趋于稳定。24℃的寄生效能最大,20℃最小。随着寄主亚洲玉米螟密度和腰带长体茧蜂密度的增加,搜寻效应逐渐降低。采用Hessell干扰模型,发现28℃时的搜寻常数Q和干扰效应m均为最大,腰带长体茧蜂个体间的干扰效应降低了其寄生效能。