炬荣复合微生物肥料在蕹菜上的应用研究

院本实验通过在蕹菜上喷施炬荣复合微生物肥料,探讨了其对蕹菜产量、效益的影响。结果表明：喷施复合微生物肥料、减量施肥处理的蕹菜表现最好,产量比常规施肥和空白对照分别增加13.3%和31.3%,每667m2分别增收919.54元和1881.38元。     

甘草多糖和甘草酸对NDV感染鸡胚成纤维细胞能力的影响

从甘草中提取甘草多糖和甘草酸,进行抗病毒活性比较。用MTT法比较了它们对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)生长及以三种加药方式(先药后毒、先毒后药、药毒同时)抵抗新城疫病毒(NDV)感染细胞的影响,并用平均病毒抑制率比较甘草多糖和甘草酸的抗病毒活性。结果表明,先药后毒,甘草多糖能显著抑制NDV感染细胞(P0.05),平均病毒抑制率为60.6%;先毒后药,甘草多糖和甘草酸都能显著抑制NDV感染细胞(P0.05),其中甘草多糖的平均病毒抑制率为74.28%,甘草酸为62.3%。通过平均病毒抑制率比较,表明甘草多糖的抗病毒活性优于甘草酸。     

谷子免间苗技术的土壤水分阈值研究

目的:研究土壤水分、水势与谷子出苗率的关系,为生产应用谷子免间苗技术提供理论依据。方法:选用2种谷子品种(晋谷29号、张杂谷5号),在不同土壤水分条件下研究谷子的出苗规律及基本全苗的水分临界阈值,同时利用土壤水分特征曲线分析土壤水势对谷子出苗的影响。结果:出苗率达到80%以上的土壤水分可作为应用谷子免间苗技术的适宜播种指标,褐土性壤质土表层含水量需达到11.8%,田间持水量达到55%以上,土壤水势大于-2.15巴。结论:该研究可以为谷子免间苗技术的实施提供科学依据。     

Factors Affecting Recipients' Pregnancy,Pregnancy Loss,and Foaling Rates in a Commercial Equine Embryo Transfer Program

During 11 breeding seasons, 351 7- to 10-day-old horse embryos were nonsurgically transferred into recipients that ovulated between 3 and 10 days earlier. Pregnancy rates at 14 and 40 days and foaling rates were 77.8% (273/351), 69.2% (243/351), and 64.4% (226/351), respectively. Pregnancy loss between 14 and 40 days was 11% and between 40 days and delivery was 7%. The transfer of quality grade 3 to 4 embryos resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate at 14 days compared with the transfer of grade 1 to 2 embryos (46.2% vs. 79%; P < .05). Eight-day-old embryos resulted in significantly lower pregnancy losses than day 9 or 10 embryos, as occurred for embryos between 400 and 1200 μm compared with embryos <400 μm. Embryos recovered from mares >20 years resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy loss rate than those recovered from younger mares. The same happened for embryos coming from mares affected by reproductive pathologies compared with healthy mares performing sport activity. None of the evaluated parameters influenced recipients' foaling rate significantly.     

东北藿香叶蛋白质的提取研究

[目的]确定藿香叶蛋白质的最佳提取工艺条件。[方法]以风干的藿香叶为原料,分析了料液比、pH值、提取温度、提取时间对叶蛋白质提取率的影响。并在单因素提取试验的基础上,设计了正交优化试验。[结果]提取时间对藿香叶蛋白质提取率的影响不是特别大,其他3个因子的影响顺序为：料液比〉pH值〉温度。在料液比1∶30,pH值9.5,温度45℃的条件下,提取75min,水溶性蛋白质的提取率最大,达88.54%。[结论]确定了藿香叶蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件,为综合利用东北藿香叶提供了依据。     

Effect of biochar on soil structure and storage of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in the aggregate fractions of an Albic soil

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn straw derived-biochar (700 °C) applied at 0 (control), 10 (B1), 20 (B2) and 30 t ha^?1 (B3) on water stable aggregate (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in WSA fractions of Albic soil. Compared with control, WSA in > 2 mm fraction increased, by 40.8% and 51.5% (0–10 cm depth) in B1 and B3, respectively. B1, B2 and B3 (10–20 cm depth) increased by 55.2%, 69.6% and 62.4%, respectively. MWD increased by 34.4%, 21.6%, and 17.6% with B3 at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depths, respectively. TOC in the > 2 mm fraction increased by 28.6%, 22.1%, and 23.2% (0–10 cm depth) in B1, B2, and B3, respectively, TN in 2–0.5 mm fractions increased by 32.4%, 23.4% and 33.6% (0–10 cm depth); and in the 0.25–0.05 mm fractions increased by 14.8%, 19.8% and 18.7% (10–20 cm depth), in B1, B2 and B3, respectively. Our findings suggest biochar application at 30 t ha^?1 could improve structural stability and sequestration of TOC and TN in Albic soils.     

Wet aggregate stability as affected by excess carbonate and other soil properties

Aggregate stability is a fundamental property influencing soil erodibility and hydraulic characteristics. Knowledge of soil components controlling aggregate stability is very important to soil structure conservation. The objective of this study, which was carried out in surface soils from central Greece, was to relate wet aggregate stability to selected soil properties, with emphasis on excessive free carbonate content. The wet‐sieving technique of air‐dried aggregates was used for structural stability evaluation, according to a test that calculates an instability index. The soils studied were developed on Tertiary marly parent material and ranged in calcium carbonate content from 5 to 641 g kg⁻¹. From the texture analysis before and after removal of carbonates, it was concluded that carbonates mainly contributed to total silt and sand fractions, that is to the mechanical fractions which, as a rule, negatively affect aggregate stability. The results of the correlation analysis showed that aggregate stability was positively affected by aluminosilicate clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Al‐containing sesquioxides. Clay fraction from carbonates and total sand and silt negatively affected aggregate stability. CEC has been proved a very significant determinant of aggregate stability, which in a hyperbolic form relationship with instability index explained 78·9 per cent of aggregate stability variation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究

本试验旨在探讨小麦秸与非常规饲料间的组合效应。利用体外产气法,评价了小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮和苹果渣分别按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0比例进行组合的48 h体外发酵总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和干物质降解率(DMD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)以及其组合效应。结果表明:1)在小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣的各组合中,当小麦秸比例为25%时,TVFA浓度均大于小麦秸比例为50%、75%、100%时。2)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣组合的DMD逐渐降低,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮组合各比例之间的DMD差异显著(P0.05)。3)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与大豆皮组合的NDFD和ADFD逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P0.05)。在小麦秸与橘子皮的组合中,当小麦秸比例为50%时,NDFD和ADFD最大。4)当小麦秸比例为50%时,小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05);当小麦秸比例为75%时,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05)。综上所述,小麦秸与大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮的最优组合是75∶25。小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的最优组合是50∶50。     

印度獐牙菜种子萌发及植物学特性研究

[目的]为印度獐牙菜的栽培和野生资源的保护提供理论依据。[方法]2006年8～9月于青海省玉树州实地考察,观察印度獐牙菜的植物学特性;通过人工后熟、低温、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和Na2CO3处理种子,测定种子萌发率。[结果]自然状态下印度獐牙菜种子萌发率低,经人工后熟、低温、IAA和Na2CO3处理后种子萌发率显著提高。[结论]印度獐牙菜种子经不同处理后可以提高萌发率。     

泸沽湖水资源现状及可持续管理的措施

旅游业的兴起给生态脆弱的泸沽湖带来了巨大的冲击和威胁,泸沽湖的水资源在水质、水量和水生态环境3方面都遭到了破坏。该文在对泸沽湖的水资源现状资料进行汇总、分析的基础上,从健全立法、部门负责、控制排水、水质动态监测、保护流域生态环境、重视文化、坚持水资源管理与可持续发展相结合等方面对推进泸沽湖水资源可持续开发管理提出改善措施,以求泸沽湖未来的良性发展。