The effects of vitamin E on non-specific immune response of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelodiscus sinensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on non-specific immune responses in juvenile soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Results showed that blood cell phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity were significantly improved in turtles from two diets (250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation), while had no significant improvement in turtles from the three remaining diets (50, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation) when compared to turtles from the control group. Serum bacteriolytic activity in turtles from diets with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation were higher than activity levels quantified for the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation diet and the control diet. The results suggest that vitamin E has an upper and lower threshold for improving non-specific immune function in soft-shelled turtles, and the optimal supplementation may be between 250 and 500 mg/kg.     

鱼类特有的Ring型E3泛素连接酶MARCH5A基因在刺激隐核虫感染下的表达分析

为探究大黄鱼MARCH5A的免疫作用,实验采用反转录PCR确认了该基因的c DNA序列。该序列全长1045 bp,包含1个长度为867 bp的开放阅读框,编码288个氨基酸;序列分析显示该蛋白含1个RINGv和4个跨膜结构域。进化树分析表明大黄鱼有11个MARCH家族蛋白(与哺乳动物相同),但鱼类存在多个亚型,MARCH5A为鱼类特有蛋白,其蛋白理化性质和三维结构均与MARCH5B存在一定的差异。荧光定量PCR分析显示,MARCH5A在健康大黄鱼的多个组织中均有表达,在血液和心脏中表达量最高,其次为鳃和脑,而在肾脏和皮肤中表达量最少。刺激隐核虫感染大黄鱼后,MARCH5A在皮肤中早期表达量显著上调,第2天为对照组的9.65倍,后期下调。在鳃、脾脏和头肾中的前期表达量也有所增加,后期下降。结果表明大黄鱼MARCH5A在抗刺激隐核虫免疫应答过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

基于Pro／E的膜下播种机排种装置的设计与仿真分析

针对膜下播种机排种装置的工作原理,分析了种子的落种过程。利用基于特征的参数化造型软件Pro/E完成了排种装置各零部件的三维造型,并将各零部件进行了虚拟装配。用组件装配中的机构分析进行运动仿真,并对各零部件的运动情况进行了干涉检查。结果表明,该设计中各零部件不存在干涉现象,结构设计合理,利于进一步的分析研究。     

齿轮零件拼装式三维参数化设计

论述了基于特征的参数化造型技术、零件参数化实现以及组件的参数化过程,将其成功地用于齿轮设计,并对其它类型零件提出了开发思路。     

Anti-allergic effects of the brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia arborea</Emphasis> on Brown Norway rats

To investigate the anti-allergic effects of the brown alga Eisenia arborea. A strain of Brown Norway rats know to strongly respond to immunoglobulin E (IgE) were used as an allergy model animal. The rats were immunized with ovalbumin by oral administration. The levels of serum IgE and histamine were suppressed in the rats fed a diet supplemented with dried E. arborea powder. As for the cytokine pattern, the interferon-γ production in the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was enhanced, and the interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in the spleens and/or IL-10 production in the spleens and MLN were suppressed. These results, together with the change in the Th1/Th2 balance, indicate that the rats fed with E. arborea became more anti-allergic, suggesting that E. arborea might possess anti-allergic effects.     

淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵产孢培养基和工艺条件研究

为探讨淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵因子间的关系以获得大量孢子用于田间试验,通过正交试验设计优化固体发酵培养基成分和培养条件组合,并测定外加碳源、氮源、无机盐和装料方式对产孢量的影响。结果表明：以玉米粉+甘蔗渣+麸皮+壳聚糖组成的正交2号配方为最佳复合培养基质,分生孢子产量达7.13×109个/g,以发酵液pH+液相发酵终点+温度+初始含水量组成的正交4号配方为优适培养条件,分生孢子产量达8.97×109个/g;该菌株在优化后的培养基配方中添加0.4％蔗糖、0.2％蛋白胨、0.002％硫酸锰,以双层纱布袋装料按优化后的培养条件放大培养,产孢量最高可达到8.22×1010个/g。优化后的E7菌株发酵产孢培养基基质用量少,发酵成本低,适合于固体放大发酵生产淡紫拟青霉孢子。     

Comparative Studies on the Stability of Various Forms of vitamin C

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＶＡＲＩＯＵＳＦＯＲＭＳＯＦＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＣＬｅｉＱｉｎｇｘｉｎ，ＬｉＡｉｊｉｅ，ＸｕＷｅｉ，ＲｅｎＺｅｌｉｎ（ＯｃｅａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆ　Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，２６６００３）ＣＯ...     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。     

大豆籽粒维生素E含量与生态因子关系的研究

维生素E(VE)是人体必须的营养因子。大豆籽粒富含VE,是人类重要的VE来源之一。为了研究生态因子对大豆籽粒中VE含量的影响,2001—2002年在河南省夏大豆主产区的5个试点,以豫豆25为材料分13期播种,将109个大豆样本籽粒的VE含量与气象、土壤养分和海拔等33个生态因子进行了统计分析。诸样本VE总量的变异范围为500.99~2353.68 µg g^-1。逐步回归筛选出9个生态因子与大豆VE含量显著相关。与VE含量呈负相关的因子有幼苗期(P<0.01)、分枝期(P<0.001)和花荚期(P<0.001)降水、花荚期昼夜温差(P<0.05)、鼓粒成熟期日照(P<0.001)及土壤速效氮含量(P<0.001);与VE含量呈正相关的因子有：土壤磷含量(P<0.001)和海拔(P<0.001)。另外,VE含量与花荚期日照呈正相关(P<0.001),与花荚期日照的平方呈负相关(P<0.01)。这些结果对高VE含量品种选育和配套栽培技术研究有重要的参考价值。