Effects of phytosterol ester on aortic aging and expression of related genes in rats

AIM: To explore the protective effect of phytosterol ester (PSE) on aortic aging in rats. METHODS: The female SD rats (12 months old, n=42) were randomly divided into control group, model group and PSE group. During the experiment, the rats in control group, model group and PSE group were treated with basic feed, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD with 2% PSE (W/W) for 6 months, respectively. The morphological changes of the aorta were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the absolute area of smooth muscle cells and collagen fiber in the vascular wall were measured by image analysis. The levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were detected. The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels in the vascular tissue was determined by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: PSE significantly lowered plasma TC and LDL-C, and increased plasma HDL-C level (P<0.05), but had no effect on plasma TG level. PSE significantly attenuated the thickening of intima and media of aging aortic, and decreased the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the amount of VSMC and collagen fiber in the aorta (P<0.05). PSE significantly reduced the contents of AGEs and MDA (P<0.05), but had no effect on the activity of SOD and CAT in the plasma. PSE also down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE is able to attenuate the senescence process in the aorta by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in plasma, and activating SIRT1, or inhibiting the expression of PPARγ in vascular tissues.     

生长激素激活受体机理的研究进展

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)是一种含有191个氨基酸的多肽类激素,分子质量为22 ku,由垂体前叶分泌进入血液循环,与靶细胞膜表面以二聚体形式存在的生长激素受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)相结合。对于受体的激活来说,仅是二聚化还不够,还需在GH的诱导下发生构象变化,进而才能诱发Janus激酶2(Janus kinase 2,JAK2)的酪氨酸磷酸化,并通过4条不同的路径将信号传入细胞内,从而发挥代谢、增殖及分化等一系列生理效应。作者就生长激素与受体的结构、作用机理、信号转导通路的进展进行综述。     

促性腺激素释放激素基因及其受体基因的研究进展

作者简要介绍了促性腺激素释放激素基因及其受体基因的位置、结构、表达、调控机理,并初步探讨了这两个基因与繁殖性能的关系。     

猪雌激素受体基因研究进展

雌激素受体(ESR)是一种核酸受体，具有转录调控蛋白质的功能，影响着雌激素基因在雌性脊椎动物组织的表达，从而对第二性征、繁殖周期、生殖力、妊娠维持等方面产生影响。本文对雌激素受体的分布、生物学作用、分子结构、基因定位、多态性及其与猪繁殖性能的关系等方面作一综述。     

甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子的体外表达和相互作用的检测

 S位点受体激酶(SRK)和S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)分别为甘蓝自交不亲和(self-incompatibility, SI)信号传导的雌雄决定因子。为了深入研究两者的作用机理和进行人工调控,本研究以结球甘蓝ZQ为材料,利用pET·NusA融合蛋白表达系统,将包含SRK胞外域和跨膜域的mSRK蛋白和SCR蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表达出融合蛋白大小分别约为116 kD和74 kD。进一步将两融合蛋白进行体外相互作用的检测,结果表明mSRK与SCR蛋白能够相互结合形成稳定的复合体,这为下一步实现SRK-SCR复合体聚合与解离的人为调控提供了技术平台。     

Binding Sites for Ca2+-Channel Effectors and Ryanodine in Periplaneta americana—Possible Targets for New Insecticides

The calcium channel and the ‘calcium release channel’ of muscle membrane of the cockroach Periplaneta americana have been characterized. Biological assays with calcium channel blockers and ryanodine on different insects and acari revealed pronounced insecticidal effects with ryanodine, but not with calcium channel blockers, at concentrations between 0·1 and 300 μg ml⁻¹. Skeletal muscle membranes derived either from the tubular network or from the sarcoplasmatic reticulum of P. americana were characterized with respect to the binding of the dihydropyridine (DHP) [³H]isradipine (PN 200-110), the phenyl-alkylamine [³H]verapamil and the alkaloid [³H]ryanodine. Preliminary binding studies with the benzothiazepine [³H]diltiazem suggest a low-affinity binding site with a IC₅₀ value of 3·3 μM . All binding sites tested were sensitive to treatment with proteinase K. Optimal conditions for binding of the radioligand ryanodine revealed the highest specific binding at pH 8 and at calcium chloride concentrations between 100 and 500 μM . EGTA at 10 μM abolished 95% of the ryanodine binding. Binding studies with calcium channel binding sites revealed a pronounced effect of low Ca²⁺ concentrations on specific isradipine binding, whereas verapamil and diltiazem binding were only reduced by the presence of 200 μM EGTA. With respect to high Ca²⁺ concentrations, specific binding of diltiazem, isradipine and verapamil was reduced by 73, 40 and 20%, respectively, at 5 mM Ca²⁺. Radioligand binding experiments showed high-affinity binding sites for ryanodine and isradipine. K_D values of 0·95 nM (B_max=550 fmol mg⁻¹ protein) and 0·75 nM (B_max=213 fmol mg⁻¹ protein) were determined respectively. A lower-affinity binding site was identified in binding studies with verapamil (K_D=7·4 nM and B_max=27 fmol mg⁻¹ protein). [³H]isradipine displacement studies with several dihydropyridines revealed the following ranking of affinity: nitrendipine>isradipine>Bay K8664≪nicardipine. Displacement of [³H]verapamil binding by effectors of the phenylalkylamine binding site showed that bepridil and S(-)verapamil had the highest affinities of the compounds tested followed by (±)verapamil, nor-methylverapamil and R(+)verapamil.     

蓝塘仔猪IGF-1水平与组织IGF-1、GHR基因的表达

32头不同日龄(出生、3、21、35d)蓝塘仔猪,由前腔静脉采血后剖杀,取肝脏、背最长肌样品。用RIA法测血液、组织中IGF 1浓度,用放射受体法(RBA)检测肝脏、肌肉组织中GHR结合活性,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测IGF 1、GHRmRNA的表达水平。结果表明:(1)血液中IGF 1在出生日显著高于其它时期(P<0 05)。肌肉组织中IGF 1含量高于肝脏组织,肌肉组织IGF 1含量在3、21、35日龄时都显著高于出生日(P<0 05)。(2)肝脏细胞膜GHR结合活性在出生日显著高于3、21日龄(P<0 05),肝脏细胞膜GHR结合活性高于肌肉组织。(3)肝脏组织IGF 1、GHRmRNA的表达量均显著高于肌肉组织(P<0 05)。肝脏IGF 1mRNA的表达在出生日、21日龄时显著高于3、35日龄(P<0 05),GHRmRNA的表达在出生日显著高于其它日龄(P<0 05)。肌肉IGF 1、GHRmRNA的表达在出生日均显著高于其它日龄(P<0 05)。     

乙烯受体基因LeETR1在番茄Epi和VFN8中的表达及反义表达载体构建

采用RPA方法对番茄乙烯过表达单基因突变体Epi和野生型VFN8中LeETR2 mRNA的表达特征进行了研究。结果表明，在所有被检组织中LeETR2 mRNA均表达，其表达丰度在叶组织中呈发育调节模式，但不受内源乙烯含量的影响；而在果实成熟后期受乙烯的轻微诱导。LeETR2的这种表达模式明显有别于其他乙烯受体基因。为了进一步研究LeETR2的功能，构建了LeETR2反义基因表达载体系统。     

卵泡刺激素受体基因作为产仔数候选基因的研究

分析了FSHR基因2个位点（FSHRA、FSHRB）的PCR－SSCP、PCR－RFLPs多态性，利用SAS软件分析了多态性与母猪产仔数间连锁关系。找到了1个影响产仔数的新的变异位点FSHRB，该位点多态性显著地影响猪产仔数性状，即基因型BB的产仔数显著地高于AB、AA基因型。结果显示出该位点具有作为常规选育的辅助选择的有效的分子标记潜力。