青蒿中番茄斑萎病毒和烟草花叶病毒的分子鉴定及相关序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)和烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)是2种重要的植物病原病毒, 对多种经济作物的产量和品质均造成严重影响。2021年-2022年, 在云南省丽江市烟草种植区不同烟区采集叶片黄化、皱缩以及无症状的青蒿Artemisia caruifolia样品共计14份, 利用免疫金标速测卡和RT-PCR对其病原病毒进行检测。利用免疫金标速测卡检测结果显示, 在所检样品中有9份样品检测出TSWV, 检出率为64.28%, 有3份样品检测出TMV, 检出率为21.43%, 2种病毒复合侵染的检出率同样为21.43%;利用RT-PCR对复合侵染的3份样品进行分子检测, 结果显示, 在3份复合侵染青蒿样品中获得3条TSWV N基因序列、3条TMV cp基因序列和2条TMV RdRp部分序列。TSWV青蒿分离物与分离自云南的TSWV-2分离物相似性最高, 为99.6%;TMV青蒿分离物与分离自辽宁的TMV-Shenyang分离物和分离自云南的TMV-Yongren-1相似性最高, 均大于99.4%。这是首次发现TSWV和TMV 2种不同属病毒复合侵染青蒿。     

Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in the Aegilops tauschii accession RL5271 is controlled by a single gene

Septoria nodorum blotch is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. A potentially useful source of resistance has been identified in an accession of Aegilops tauschii. To study the genetics of resistance of this source a cross was made between the resistant Ae. tauschii accession, RL5271, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated there was no complete dominance. The F3 families were classified using three approaches. In the first approach the individual F3 plant response was used to classify the F3 families. In the second approach the F3 family means and standard errors were used to classify the F3 families. In the final approach Best Linear Unbiased Predictors of disease score and standard error for each F3 family derived from a REML analysis were used to classify the F3 families. The genotypic ratios generated by each of the approaches suggested that resistance is controlled by a single gene. The effectiveness of the resistance and its simple genetic control in the Ae. tauschii, accession RL5271 may be a useful resistance source for use in a bread wheat breeding program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

香蕉枯萎病不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤微生物物种多样性研究

为了了解香蕉枯萎病患病蕉园土壤生态系统中的微生物群落特征以及香蕉植株枯萎病感病等级与土壤微生物群落结构的相关性。本研究于2010年采集了海南省的尖峰、冲坡和十月田3个典型香蕉枯萎病患病样地中健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤样品共30份,采用微生物平板计数法分别研究了3个香蕉枯萎病典型患病样地中的土壤微生物物种多样性。结果表明：同一患病样地根际与非根际土壤中三大类群微生物的数量和种类均从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续增加,病原菌数量从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续降低。健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际土壤中的微生物数量均明显高于非根际,体现了根际效应。就细菌和放线菌来看,感病植株的根际效应最明显。     

冬枣采后臭氧去感染技术研究

为了探索臭氧去感染技术对采后冬枣的贮藏保鲜效果,以冬枣为试材,研究不同臭氧浓度、不同处理次数、不同包装材料对其保鲜效果的影响。通过测定冬枣VC含量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量以及果品表面病菌数量、好果率,发现臭氧处理能够有效抑制冬枣的腐烂,延缓冬枣VC含量、硬度和可溶性固形物的下降。结果表明：臭氧处理冬枣的最佳浓度为40 mg/m3,可使冬枣的保鲜期达到120天,处理次数和包装材料对冬枣的保鲜效果影响较小。     

葱兰菌核病在三峡库区的发生及药剂防治研究

葱兰菌核病是葱兰上发生的一种新病害,近年来在三峡库区葱兰上为害日趋严重。通过对病害的系统调查,基本摸清该病的侵染循环及在库区的发生为害情况。经室内分离培养鉴定及对多种寄主的接种试验,确定该病病原及部分寄主范围。对纯化的病原菌采用4种药剂进行室内毒力测定,结果表明：55%嘧霉胺?多菌灵复配剂（春佳）对葱兰菌核病的效果最佳,其效果明显优于50％多?菌核净（菌脱）、25%福美双腐霉利可湿性粉剂（立佳欣）和8.50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂（大扑因）。为该病的有效防控提供参考。     

弧菌融合蛋白TDH-VVC-VMHA的表达及弧菌毒素双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为提高食品中副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌和拟态弧菌毒素初筛的速度与效率,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。以融合蛋白TDH-VVC-VMHA包涵体为抗原免疫豚鼠,采用豚鼠抗融合蛋白免疫血清为包被抗体,辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记羊抗豚鼠IgG为标记抗体,应用棋盘滴定法确定ELISA的最适条件。结果表明,所建立的方法与副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌、拟态弧菌的培养物上清有较明显的阳性反应,与绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡菌球菌、李氏杆菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌等5种非弧菌属食物中毒菌培养物上清未见交叉反应,与溶藻弧菌、河流弧菌和麦氏弧菌等3种弧菌培养物上清也未见交叉反应。这说明,该方法可以用于食品中副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌和拟态弧菌毒素的快速同步免疫学检测。     

Fungal colonization patterns in necrotic rootstocks and stem bases of dieback‐affected Fraxinus excelsior L.

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees currently face the major threat of ash dieback caused by an invasive fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Collar rots in F. excelsior have been increasingly associated with infections by this pathogen. However, the aetiology of the collar rots is still unclear and remains heavily debated. In contrast to most studies of this kind, entire rootstocks of four diseased ash trees were dug out to examine necrotic tissues in these rootstocks and stem bases in detail and to sample necrotic wood for fungal isolation. With the aid of morphological and molecular identification techniques, five to twelve fungal taxa were detected per tree. Members of the Nectriaceae family and Botryosphaeria stevensii, the causal agent of stem and branch cankers on many tree species, were frequently isolated from outer xylem. In contrast, H. fraxineus was the dominating species in interior wood layers. Microsatellite genotyping of 77 H. fraxineus isolates helped to identify up to six different genotypes per tree. The role of H. fraxineus and other isolated fungi in the aetiology of ash collar rots are discussed.     

落叶松自然条件下感染松材线虫初报

对2018年辽宁抚顺市出现枯死现象的长白落叶松Larix olgensis、日本落叶松L.kaempferi和华北落叶松L.principis-rupprechtii取样调查,通过显微镜形态学鉴定和实时荧光定量PCR方法确定3种落叶松体内均含松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus。由此确定松材线虫在我国自然条件下侵染落叶松。这是我国关于落叶松自然感染松材线虫的首次报道。     

人工接种与疫区诱发条件下大豆对灰斑病的抗性及后代选择研究

大豆灰斑病菌具有较强的生理分化的特点, 不同地区及气候条件都会影响大豆灰斑病的发病程度. 本试验将两份相同的大豆杂交材料分别种植在哈尔滨人工接种条件下及阿城疫区自然诱发条件下, 比较不同鉴定条件下杂交后代及亲本的抗性表现、抗性遗传与选择效果. 结果表明, 气候因素对大豆灰斑病抗性表现的影响很大. 在任何条件下,