不同比例食用菌废渣对青菜生长的影响

[目的]研究不同比例食用菌废渣土壤对青菜营养生长和生理特性的影响。[方法]将食用菌废渣土壤按体积比（废渣占总体积比）分成6组（10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%）,以当地土壤为空白对照,测定培育的青菜幼苗的营养生长指标（如植株鲜重、根系干重等）和生理指标（如叶绿素含量、根系活力等）。[结果]用适宜比例的食用菌菌渣培育青菜,可提高叶绿素的含量、增加干物质的累积、促进根系的生长、增强根系吸收养分的能力,有助于培育壮苗。其中,体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤的培育效果最好。[结论]建议将体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤合理地应用到青菜栽培上。     

白杨细胞质遗传的细胞学机理(Ⅱ)——质体和线粒体在生殖细胞和营养细胞中的分布与变化

应用电子显微技术,观察白杨派树种毛白杨、毛新杨、银腺杨、中国山扬花粉发育中质体和线粒体在生殖细胞、营养细胞中的分布与变化.结果表明:在小孢子第1次有丝分裂时质体由于极性分布,导致早期生殖细胞的细胞质内缺少质体,为白杨派树种质体母系遗传提供了确切的细胞学证据;线粒体在花粉发育过程中一直存在.同时,细胞学观察发现银腺杨少数...     

一点红不同生长期氨基酸含量分析

[目的]分析一点红营养生长期和花期的氨基酸含量。[方法]利用日立L-8800氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸含量。[结果]营养生长期和花期的一点红分剐含16种氨基酸,氨基酸总量分剐达13．892％、13．746％;其中7种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量分剐为43．968％、44．507％;人体必需氨基酸总质量分数与非必需氨基酸总质量分数比分别为0．785、0．802;它们分别舍有9种药效氨基酸,分别占氨基酸总量的60．834％、61．851％。[结论]一点红具有较高的营养价值和药用价值,值得大力开发和利用。     

杂交棉种植密度与留叶枝对产量及其构成因素的互作效应研究

以杂交棉鲁棉研25号为试验材料,采用裂区设计,于2008年在山东临清、嘉祥和金乡三地大田条件下研究了种植密度与留叶枝对产量及其构成因素等的互作效应。结果表明：密度和整枝对杂交棉产量、产量构成以及熟相有显著的互作效应。去叶枝情况下,低密度（3.00株/m2）和高密度（7.50株/m2）处理的产量低,中高密度（4.50-6.00株/m2）的产量较高;留叶枝条件下,低密度（3.00株/m2）产量最高,中高密度（4.50-6.00株/m2）的产量居中,而高密度（7.50株/m2）处理的产量还是最低;整枝条件下4.50株/m2密度处理的籽棉和皮棉产量比3.00株/m2分别增产4.93%和5.51%,而留叶枝条件下3.00株/m2的籽棉产量比4.50株/m2高4.03%。低密度（3.00株/m2）下留叶枝的铃数多于去叶枝的铃数,但随密度增加（4.50株/m2及以上）,留叶枝的铃数显著少于去叶枝的铃数;留叶枝和增加密度都会降低铃重。密度与整枝对棉柴比没有显著的互作效应,但都可显著影响生物产量。密度与整枝对棉花早熟性也有互作效应,去叶枝的早熟性好于留叶枝的处理,随密度增加,早熟性降低。     

不同激素处理对母生枝条扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]研究适宜母生枝条扦插繁殖的激素种类及浓度,为母生的扦插繁殖与推广种植提供科学依据和方法。[方法]以1年生母生枝条为扦插繁殖材料,设置4种植物激素(IAA、IBA、NAA、ABT强力生根粉)和5个浓度(50、100、200、500、1000 mg/L)处理,研究不同外源激素及浓度浸泡处理对母生枝条扦插繁殖影响。[结果]500 mg/L IAA处理母生枝条效果最佳,平均成活率为83．33%;200 mg/L IBA处理母生枝条效果次之,平均成活率为80.00%。促进枝条生长方面,500 mg/L IAA处理母生枝条平均侧芽数28.33个、株高49．78 cm,均优于其他处理。[结论]500 mg/L IAA可作为母生扦插繁殖的适宜外源激素及浓度。     

Beech regeneration of seed and root sucker origin: A comparison of morphology, growth, survival, and response to defoliation

American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) reproduces sexually, and vegetatively by root suckers. Although many studies have investigated its regeneration response, most did not account for differences that may exist between its two modes of reproduction. This study was performed in an old-growth Acer - Fagus forest in southern Quebec, where beech bark disease had only a minor effect at the time of the study. We compared the density and frequency of occurrence of beech seedlings and root suckers (height < 30 cm), as well as their morphology, growth, survival, and response to experimental defoliation. Root suckers accounted for 13% of beech regeneration at our site. Density and frequency of occurrence were greater for seedlings than suckers, but did not vary with light availability, which was low at our study site (mean: 2.9%). Seedlings and suckers did not differ in leaf characteristics, but several differences were observed in terms of plant morphology, growth, and survival. Root suckers showed more lateral growth than height growth, and had a lower leaf area index than seedlings. Root suckers had both a greater growth in height and diameter, and a higher survivorship than seedlings (height and diameter growth were, respectively, five and two times greater for suckers than seedlings, and 74% of suckers survived more than 1 year, compared to 52% for seedlings). Defoliation treatments, which included levels of defoliation of 50% and 100% (1) did not affect current-year extension growth of seedlings and suckers; (2) did not affect seedling diameter growth, but had a negative impact on sucker diameter growth; and (3) affected survivorship for both origins, but had a much greater negative impact on seedling survivorship (none of the completely defoliated seedlings survived over one year, while 55% of the suckers did). This study showed that several differences exist between small beech seedlings and root suckers in traits that are important determinants of a species’ competitive ability. We therefore expect that variation in the relative importance of root suckering among sites might have several community-level implications.     

镉胁迫下茭白各器官对镉的积累差异研究

[目的]探求镉(Cd2+)在茭白植株内富集和分布规律。[方法]以茭白的单季茭品种蒋墅茭和双季茭品种葑红早为试材,采用在土壤中添加Cd2+100 mg/L的胁迫处理,对Cd2+胁迫处理后7 d内茭白叶、短缩茎、根中Cd2+的积累量进行了测定。[结果]随Cd2+胁迫处理时间的增加,两品种茭白叶、短缩茎、根中Cd2+积累量均呈增加的变化趋势;Cd2+积累的量在茭白不同营养器官间表现为:根>短缩茎>叶,品种间葑红早的积累量同比均高于蒋墅茭。Cd2+胁迫处理第7天时,茭白各营养器官对其富集系数表现为:根>短缩茎>叶,品种间以葑红早高于蒋墅茭,说明葑红早对Cd2+的吸收积累能力强于蒋墅茭。[结论]Cd2+胁迫下茭白品种间各营养器官对其吸收积累的能力存在明显差异。     

Current status of commercial Calibrachoa cultivars as assessed by morphology and other traits

To study the morphological diversity of the popular ornamental crop Calibrachoa, traded since the 1990s, floral and vegetative characters of 91 commercial cultivars were compared to those of natural species. Floral colours were classified according to the ISCC-NBS system and the CIE LAB system. The numerical data obtained by measuring 19 floral and vegetative characters was tested with principal component (PC) analysis. Floral colour classes of commercial cultivars were divided into 37 groups according the ISCC-NBS system, whereas those of natural species were divided into 9 groups. These tendencies were readily observable in the scatter diagrams of the a* vs. b* values and the C* vs. L* values. As the result of PC analysis, six PCs were obtained. For PC4, which negatively correlated with the degree of nocturnal corolla limb closure, the majority of natural species showed negative scores whereas the majority of cultivars had positive PC4 scores. In terms of PC2 (flower size), PC3 (growth form), PC5 (floral shape) and PC6 (leaf shape), natural species were dispersed in a range wider than the cultivars. These results suggest that Calibrachoa cultivars possess more highly variable floral colour than natural species, and breeding programmes to diversify the floral colour seem to have progressed rapidly. The tendency of natural species to close the corolla limb toward evening has been removed almost completely from the cultivars. The floral size, growth form, floral shape and leaf shape of the cultivars were rather uniform compared to those of natural species.     

乌拉尔甘草生长发育进程中叶片蛋白含量动态分析

以新疆野生乌拉尔甘草为试验材料,研究营养生长期,现蕾期,开花初期、中期和末期叶片可溶性蛋白含量及带型的变化。结果表明,可溶性蛋白含量在甘草营养生长期间呈快速上升趋势,蕾期达到高峰,开花后陆续下降,但总量不低于现蕾前的含量。不同部位叶片可溶蛋白质含量在现蕾期表现为中部叶>上部叶>下部叶,蕾期和花期可溶性蛋白含量表现为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。在营养生长向生殖生长的转变时期可溶性蛋白的特征性谱带出现了差异。甘草叶片中可溶性蛋白含量的变化与该植物从营养生长向生殖生长的转变过程密切相关。     

水曲柳扦插繁殖影响因子的分析

在林下和温室内的插床中,对水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshuricu)扦插繁殖的环境、母树年龄、采条部位、顶芽有无、切口形状、生根促进物质等进行了研究。结果显示,温室内的平均生根率为83．0％,林下生根率几乎为零。在保证插穗周围有近乎饱和的空气湿度的环境下,采自水曲柳1～2年生实生苗的插穗,枝条中下部的无硕芽、斜切口插穗的生根率达92．2％。NAA1000mg／L浸泡插穗基部5min的生根率为71．7％;IBA 50mg／L浸泡插穗基部12h的生根率为84．5％,ABT2生根粉的生根率为92．2％。