马莲河流域干燥度变化特征

[目的]研究马莲河流域干燥度变化特征。[方法]利用马莲河流域7个气象站1961—2015年地面观测资料,根据Holdridge生命地带模型对近55年来马莲河流域的干燥度变化特征进行了分析。[结果]近55年来马莲河流域内可能蒸散率(PER)以0.01~0.07/10 a的趋势上升,地区差异明显。马莲河流域PER 20世纪90年代出现了最大值,比20世纪60年代平均增大了0.36,为干旱最频繁发生时段。马莲河流域降水量呈减少趋势,减幅为1.3~13.9 mm/10 a,其中上中游降水量减少最为明显;年生物温度升高,增加趋势为0.13~0.29℃/10 a,下游地区年生物温度升高最为明显。[结论]马莲河流域出现了明显的暖干化趋势,对农业生产、经济社会发展的不利影响将更加显著。     

云南马铃薯A病毒分布及其外壳蛋白分子变异分析

为研究云南马铃薯A病毒(PVA)分布及其外壳蛋白的分子变异,2007年至2011年分别从云南滇西北、滇东北、滇中及滇南马铃薯种植区采集381份马铃薯样品,进行马铃薯A病毒DAS-ELISA检测,结果表明,PVA阳性样品共43份,其中滇西北22份,滇中17份,滇东北4份,滇南未检出。对带有PVA的部分样品进行电镜负染色观察,电镜下观察到长约750 nm、直径约15 nm的线状粒子。根据已报道的PVA外壳蛋白基因(cp基因)序列设计合成特异性引物,以带毒样品总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增得到807 bp目的片段,克隆测序并对其推导的外壳蛋白(CP)氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,并比较分析了不同地区PVA分离物CP氨基酸序列分子变异。结果表明,云南不同地区PVA分离物与GenBank中登录的部分PVA分离物CP氨基酸序列同源性为93.3%～100%,依据不同PVA分离物CP氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,云南PVA分离物与中国福建分离物(AF483279)亲缘关系较近,形成一个进化簇。PVA不同分离物CP氨基酸序列分子变异分析表明,不同分离物CP氨基酸变异位点主要分布在氨基酸序列的N端。     

Allozyme Variation of Picea abies in Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the levels and patterns of allozyme variation among 29 populations of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from Poland. Thirteen investigated isoenzyme systems were encoded by 27 gene loci and, on average, 71% of the loci per population were polymorphic. The average and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 2.17 and 1.26, respectively, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.156. A relatively low allozyme differentiation among populations from north-eastern and southern Poland was observed ( F ST = 0.028, mean genetic distance D = 0.005). The results suggest that historical events and extensive gene flow played an important role in the distribution of the observed allozyme differentiation of Norway spruce in Poland.     

Genetic Variance and Covariance Patterns of Growth and Survival in Northern Pinus sylvestris

The amount of additive genetic and environmental variance for tree height and field survival, and the genetic relationship between the traits were estimated using data from half-sib progenies of Swedish and Finnish Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plus-trees, assessed in 18 single-tree plot progeny trials. The progeny trials were established in northern Sweden and comprised 9-13-yr-old, Finnish polycross progenies or Swedish open-pollinated progenies. In total across the trials, 71?630 individual trees from 888 families were included in the study. At the overall level, the additive genetic coefficient of variation ranged between 3.1 and 16.3% for height and between 0 and 27.9% for survival, with averages of 9.5% and 14.2%, respectively. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate to low, with averages across trials of 0.11 for height and 0.06 for survival. At the within-population level, estimates of genetic correlation between height and survival were mostly large and positive, with an arithmetic mean and standard error across trials of 0.47±0.39.     

柳叶栎不同种源生长变异研究

从柳叶栎原产地美国宾夕法尼亚、田纳西、阿肯色和路易斯安娜等4个州引进9个柳叶栎种源,于1999年分别在江苏东海县、宜兴市等地进行造林试验,对试验林进行了8 a观测,调查了造林当年成活率和3 a时保存率,测定了树高、地径、幅冠等生长指标。结果表明,9个不同种源间生长有显著差异,其树高、地径和冠幅的遗传变异系数分别为8.26%~11.42%,14.14%~18.9%和5.9%~13.6%。1~8 a时,柳叶栎种源的树高和地径年际间相关显著,具有早期选择潜力。按综合指数评定法,初选出9818号和9817号2个综合性状表现好的优良种源,其树高和地径比参试种源平均值增加10.6%和13.9%。     

南方春大豆不同播季主要农艺性状的变化及其遗传研究

本文以１２个南方春大豆早熟品种（系）和１２个中熟品种（系）为材料，进行春，秋播试验，研究主要农艺性状的秋播变异率，遗传变异系数，遗传力和遗传进度，结果表明：１，两熟期组秋播变异率平均，除分枝起点为负值以外，其它１１个性状在２．３６％－５２．８８％之间，说明秋播对为结性状均有一定影响；熟期组之间各性状秋播变异率的大小亦存在较大差异，如秋播对早熟组株高，主茎节数，结荚节数，结荚高度，主茎荚数和百粒重的     

Evaluation of Populus deltoides clones under nursery,field and agrisilviculture system in subhumid tropics of Central India

Populus deltoides Bartr., a native of North America, is generally grown in India above latitude 28 °N. One hundred and six clones were evaluated for four years at Raipur situated at 21°12N latitude and 81°36E longitude. These were grown on vertisol soil. Based on growth and survival performance in the nursery for two successive years, nineteen clones were selected for field evaluation. The best five clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) were planted in an agrisilviculture system at a spacing of 4 × 4 m with soybean grown as an intercrop. After 4 years these clones had an increment of DBH by 66.5 to 77.5% and of height by 42.2 to 78.6% within one year when compared to that observed at 3 years of age. In rank order of growth the best five clones were 65/27 > G3 > D121 > G48 > S7C1. Total biomass varied between 20.9 to 35.8 Mg ha^–1 in different clones. Among the tree components, stemwood accounted for 52–61% of the total biomass, followed by branches (20–25%), bark (9–13%) and leaves (7–10%). No significant variation between net primary productivity and photosynthetic efficiency was found in different clones. Soybean productivity decreased as the trees aged, reaching 40.5 to 58.1% in 4-year-old trees.     

造林密度对I－63杨木材密度的影响

本文研究了４×４ｍ，５×５ｍ，６×６ｍ和７×７ｍ４种不同株行距对Ｉ－６３杨木材基本密度株内变异的影响。方差分析表明，不同造林密度、离地不同高度和不同树龄之间木材密度存在极显著差异，不同方位间无差异。胸高处木材密度与全树木材密度间存在明显的线性正相关．     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

山蚂蝗属(Desmodium Desv.)种质资源形态多样性研究

对37份山蚂蝗材料的植物学特征、外部性状的变异及其规律进行观测统计及聚类分析。通过数据统计和相关性分析,结果表明:(1)山蚂蝗的植物学特征存在广泛变异,其变异系数为85%(叶柄长)~9%(叶色),平均为45%;(2)山蚂蝗植物学各性状指标间存在不同程度的相关性,其中叶片类型、叶尖、花冠颜色、茎的生长习性、旗瓣大小、荚果长、荚果宽、单荚粒数之间存显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)正相关,叶长与叶宽正相关系数最大(0.892);叶片类型与叶长、叶宽、花序轴长度成极显著负相关,系数分别为-0.611、-0.462、-0.485。通过聚类分析,在欧氏距离8.0处,可将37份供试山蚂蝗材料划分为6类,其中度尼山蚂蝗CIAT46562和灰色山蚂蝗CPI46561单独聚为一类,为直立或斜升、羽状三出复叶型。