Assessing urban recreational open spaces for the elderly: A case of three Indian cities

Many studies have highlighted the numerous benefits of access to inclusive public open spaces globally, focusing on various age groups. However, there exists a knowledge gap in understanding the needs of elderly users of urban Indian recreational open spaces that impact their usage behaviour, specifically regarding design and amenities provision. This study assesses the perceived accessibility and usability of an open space as an effect of its design features and tests it for the quality and availability of the age-specific amenities provided. A study of 51 recreational open spaces across three Indian cities of Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai was undertaken to evaluate their performance and age appropriateness, using multivariate analysis methods for derived empirical evidences. The findings indicate a considerable deficit in basic entry convenience and movement in public open spaces for people with movement difficulties and the shortfall of age-specific amenities. The outcome of the study highlighted the high positive impact of amenities provision and universal design features of a recreational open space on the perceived ‘Attractiveness’ of the open space, causing greater usage by the elderly. Backed with supporting empirical evidences, incorporation of universal design with barrier-free concepts while designing and developing recreational open spaces is strongly recommended for the Indian context.     

区域性夏季平均气温空间插值方法比较

使用ArcGIS软件,采用反距离权重法、普通克里格法和泛克里格法3种空间插值方法,以东北三省78个气象站点1999、2004年夏季平均气温数据为例进行了空间插值,并采用交叉检验的方法对插值结果进行了比较。结果表明,3种方法所得插值结果均能大致反映气温分布状况,但从精度分析上看,泛克里格法精度优于反距离权重法和普通克里格法。     

山西省主推玉米杂交种纯度鉴定SSR核心引物的筛选

选用10对SSR核心引物对18份山西省玉米杂交种进行DNA指纹分析,并综合考虑多态性和杂合率,认为umc1590和umc1196这2对引物可鉴定17个品种纯度,phi402893,phi102228,phi233376,p-phi072,umc1066和phi022也可作为纯度鉴定的引物。建议采用umc1590,phi402893,phi233376,phi022这4对引物对18个杂交种纯度进行检测。     

家兔皮肤真菌通用引物PCR检测和培养鉴定的比较研究

本研究比较了家兔皮肤真菌通用引物PCR检测方法与培养鉴定方法的敏感性,探讨了通用引物PCR检测方法的特异性及其在皮肤真菌诊断中的意义.根据皮肤真菌特异性rDNA序列设计通用引物,对已知分离株及不同微生物进行特异性检测,应用该引物对40份兔患部病料进行PCR检测并克隆测序;同时,采用培养鉴定对40份病料进行表型分析.PCR检测结果显示,家兔四种常见病原性皮肤真菌可扩增出400 ～500 bp之间的条带,其它微生物和兔体细胞均为阴性,说明该方法具有特异性;33份临床病料检测为阳性,扩增条带均为460bp,经测序为须癣毛癣菌.培养法的阳性为26份,检测结果与前者一致.与传统的培养鉴定方法相比,本研究建立的通用引物PCR检测方法,操作简便、特异性高,可用于大规模的家兔皮肤真菌病检测和流行病学调查,并具有重要的公共卫生意义.     

基于DEM通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法设计与优化

论述了通用土壤流失方程在区域尺度应用时,基于数字高程模型计算其地形因子的算法及其流程,并在ArcGIS的GRID平台上开发实现.实践证明,采用最大坡降坡度法和累积坡长法求取坡度和坡长,进而计算通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法合理可信.通过水系数据的叠加优化,一方面提高了程序的计算效率,同时也减少了不合理累积坡长值出现的机率.     

Detection and differentiation of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas belonging to the elm yellows group and to the stolbur subgroup by PCR amplification of non-ribosomal DNA

Primer pairs were designed from a cloned DNA probe of a strain of flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma and from a cloned DNA probe of a strain of stolbur phytoplasma. Among an array of reference phytoplasma strains maintained in periwinkle, pair FD9f/r amplified a 1.3 kb DNA fragment only with phytoplasma strains of elm yellows (EY) group, i.e. two strains of FD and two strains of EY. Tru9I restriction analysis of the fragment amplified by FD9f/r revealed a diversity among EY-group phytoplasmas. The FD strains differed from the strains isolated from elm. The profile of the phytoplasmas infecting the grapevine samples from Catalonia and most of the samples from Northern Italy were identical to that of a FD strain. Three other profiles were detected in grapevine from Palatinate, in Germany.The two primer pairs derived from a stolbur strain, STOL4f/r and STOL11f2/r1, specifically amplified a 1.7 kb and a 0.9 kb DNA fragment, respectively, with all strains in the stolbur subgroup. However, the pair STOL4f/r did not recognise strain MOL. Both pairs allowed to detect phytoplasmas in diseased grapevines from France, Italy, Spain and Israel. Attempts to differentiate between phytoplasmas in the stolbur subgroup by restriction analyses failed. The pairs FD9f/r and STOL11f2/r1 could be used in the same reaction (multiplex PCR) to detect EY-group phytoplasmas, stolbur-subgroup phytoplasmas or both phytoplasmas simultaneously when template DNAs were mixed.     

利用SSR标记技术鉴定玉米品种真实性的研究

从20对SSR基本引物中筛选出核心引物,并对辽宁省主推玉米品种进行真实性研究。利用SSR标记技术,选取均匀覆盖玉米染色体组的20对SSR引物对玉米品种进行PCR扩增分析。依据带型清晰与否、稳定性等筛选出14对核心引物用于辽宁省主推玉米品种的真实性鉴定,其中以引物bnlg161k8的多态性最好,且仅采用bnlg161k8、bnlg2305k4及umc1705w1三对引物即可以对实验中所选玉米品种进行真实性鉴定。bnlg161k8、bnlg2305k4及umc1705w1这三对引物可作为玉米品种真实性鉴定的首选引物,既节约成本,又提高效率。     

中国南方稻田及其周边环境根结线虫种类鉴定

为了解根结线虫在中国南方稻区的分布和种类, 从15个省(直辖市/自治区)采集1 181份土样, 经生物测定发现312份土样中种植的水稻或番茄幼苗根系会产生根结, 阳性总检出率为26.42%。利用线虫特异性引物从171份阳性样品中鉴定出6种根结线虫:拟禾本科根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola、北方根结线虫M.hapla、花生根结线虫M.arenaria、爪哇根结线虫M.javanica、象耳豆根结线虫M.enterolobii和南方根结线虫M.incognita, 分别占鉴定总样品数的88.89%、41.52%、29.82%、10.53%、4.09%和3.51%。被1、2、3、4、5、6种根结线虫混合侵染的土样比例分别为42.11%、41.52%、12.87%、2.92%、0.58%和0, 其中最常见的为拟禾本科根结线虫单独侵染(34.50%)、拟禾本科根结线虫与北方根结线虫(22.81%)或花生根结线虫(13.45%)混合侵染。本研究结果将为制定相应的传播阻断策略和防控措施提供参考。     

蔷薇科SSR引物在云南栘［木衣］中的通用性分析

【目的】探究蔷薇科植物的SSR引物在云南栘［木衣］中的通用性，以便快速获得在云南栘［木衣］可以通用的SSR标记。【方法】以云南省瑞丽市、梁河县、陇川县和芒市4个天然居群的云南栘［木衣］为试验材料，利用100对李、梨、苹果、枇杷和Malacomeles denticulata等蔷薇科植物的SSR引物对云南栘［木衣］进行PCR扩增，从中筛选出具有多态性的SSR引物，并对云南栘［木衣］进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析。【结果】在100对蔷薇科植物的SSR引物中有52对SSR引物在云南栘［木衣］中扩增出了目标产物条带，其中有42对SSR引物扩增出多态性条带，多态性引物所占比例为80.77%。4个云南栘［木衣］天然居群的多态位点比例、Shannon’s指数、Nei’s遗传多样性、观测等位基因数和有效等位基因数的均值分别为32.65%，0.191 7，0.131 1，1.326 5和1.232 4，其中瑞丽居群的以上多样性指数依次为40%，0.224 3，0.150 9，1.400 0和1.257 7，明显高于其他居群，表明其具有较高的遗传多样性，可能具有较为丰富的遗传变异。聚类分析结果表明，4个居群的云南栘［木衣］可分为2大类群，其中瑞丽、陇川和芒市居群聚为一类，梁河居群单独聚为一类，分类结果与地理区域分布情况一致。【结论】蔷薇科植物的SSR引物在云南栘［木衣］中具有较好的通用性，这些SSR为后续云南栘［木衣］及其近缘种进行种质资源鉴定和遗传多样性分析等研究提供了可用的标记。