裙带菜孢子体溃烂病原鉴定及病因分析

为探究大连市龙王塘和铁山增养殖海域养殖裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida孢子体出现溃烂的原因,利用细菌分离及分子生物学方法,从海域养殖裙带菜溃烂的孢子体中分离纯化得到2株优势菌株(编号分别为LH43和LQ2),通过人工感染试验证实,分离菌株能够使裙带菜孢子体出现溃烂并分解藻体,且与自然发病相似,LH43较LQ...     

Growth performance and the soft body composition of juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846, fed the extruded pellets substituting fish meal and macroalgae with tunic meal of sea squirt,Halocynthia roretzi

Growth performance and the soft body composition of juvenile abalone fed the extruded pellets (EPs) substituting fish meal (FM) and macroalgae (MA) with tunic meal of sea squirt (SS) was investigated. A total of 1,260 abalone were distributed into 18 containers. Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate. Five diets were pelletized by an extruder pelleter. The 140 g/kg FM and 250 g/kg mixture of MA were included into the control (Con) diet. Five hundred and 1,000 g/kg of each FM and MA were substituted with an equal amount of tunic meal of SS, referred to as the FM50, FM0, MA50 and MA0 diets, respectively. Finally, dry Undaria pinnatifida was prepared. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed all EPs were greater than those fed U. pinnatifida. Weight gain of abalone fed MA50 and FM50 diets was greater than Con and FM0 diets, but not different from MA0 diet. Higher crude protein and lipid contents were observed in soft body of abalone fed all EPs compared to U. pinnatifida. In conclusion, FM and MA up to 500 and 1,000 g/kg, respectively, could be replaced with tunic meal of SS in EPs without retardation in growth of abalone.     

用复合酶酶解-热水浸提法提取裙带菜孢子叶粉岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺研究

采用正交试验方法,研究了用戊聚糖复合酶及复合纤维素酶酶解—热水浸提法提取裙带菜Undariapinnatifida孢子叶粉中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的酶解工艺参数。结果表明:用戊聚糖复合酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.12%,温度为50℃,pH为5.5,时间为30 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.171%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.432%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为21.38%;用复合纤维素酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.227%,温度为45℃,pH为4.5,时间为70 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.720%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.118%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为28.24%。用两种复合酶酶解—热水浸提法提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率均较水煮法(4.665%)高。     

高温胁迫对裙带菜配子体的生长和生理影响

以裙带菜配子体(Undaria pinnatifida)为试验材料,研究了高温胁迫对其叶绿素a含量、POD活性、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:与20℃对照组相比,裙带菜配子体在高温胁迫下,试验组随着时间的增加叶绿素a含量明显下降,且30℃下叶绿素a含量的降幅明显大于25℃;丙二醛的含量随着时间的增加呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且30℃下丙二醛含量的增幅明显大于25℃;POD活性在24h时达到最低,然后略有增加;脯氨酸的含量在高温下随着时间的延长呈现逐渐上升的趋势。该研究结果为进一步揭示裙带菜抗高温分子机制和培育抗高温裙带菜新品种提供了一定参考。     

裙带菜3n、4n孢子体的人工育苗和海区栽培

使用室内保存培养的裙带菜2n♀♂配子体自交及与正常n♀♂配子体杂交,培育出裙带菜2n♀×n♂、n♀×2n♂两个组合3n幼孢子体和2n♀×2n♂组合的4n幼孢子体。经过40 d海区暂养后测定,3n幼孢子体两个组合平均长度分别为1.2 cm和1.1 cm,大于对照组合2n幼孢子体的0.9 cm和4n幼孢子体组合的0.7 cm。使用从短滨螺中提取的粗酶和R10纤维素酶的混合酶液将2n、3n幼孢子体酶解为原生质团,经Giemsa染色后观察到的染色体数分别为2n＝60,3n＝90。分苗后的海区栽培期间,在藻体的长度和重量方面,2n♀×n♂、n♀×2n♂两个3n孢子体组合间差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组合2n孢子体之间的差异极显著(P<0.01)。在裙带菜进入繁殖期的5月上中旬,3n孢子体仍保持较快的生长速度,在5月20日测定两个组合的藻体长度和重量分别达到4.2 m、2.3 kg和4.0 m、2.2 kg,而对照组合2n孢子体仅达到2.3 m和1.3 kg。4n孢子体生长明显地慢于对照的2n孢子体(P<0.01),藻体生长最大值的时间为3月中旬,最大藻体长度和重量仅为1.6 m和1.1 kg。 试验结果表明,3n孢子体不发育,在繁殖期内无孢子叶形成,表现出不育的特性;4n孢子体形成孢子叶,但孢子叶很薄,孢子囊形成的数量少,发育水平也很低,经阴干刺激仅有极少量的孢子放出,显示出低育的特性。图2表1参15     

黑龙江省不同地域山里红叶的生药鉴定研究

对黑龙江省的不同地域山里红叶药材进行生药鉴定研究,为该药材及其同属药用植物的鉴别及进一步开发研究提供依据。运用性状和显微鉴别方法对黑龙江省山里红叶药材进行鉴定研究。其中显微鉴别分别对叶的表面和叶中脉横切面、电镜扫描的显微特征进行了描述。对三个不同地域叶子的性状和显微特征进行了详细描述,并附有相应电镜图谱。结果表明,不同地域的山里红叶药材的性状及显微特征有有一定差异。     

裙带菜褐藻糖胶的分离及部分理化性质研究

以裙带菜为原材料,采用水提法从裙带菜中分离褐藻糖胶,Sevag法去蛋白,乙醇分步沉淀法进行初步纯化。试验结果表明,裙带菜褐藻糖胶的最适提取温度为80℃,时间为8 h,加水量为1∶30,在最适条件下的提取率为1.72%,蛋白质含量为5.44%。对褐藻糖胶部分理化性质亦进行了研究,其特性黏度为5 mpa.s,pH为8.50,含有硫酸基。     

超声法优化山楂叶中黄酮类成分的提取工艺

目的 研究山楂叶中总黄酮的提取工艺,确立最佳提取条件.方法 采用紫外检测法,建立山楂叶中黄酮类成分含量的测定方法,用正交设计法对影响超声提取的因素如甲醇浓度、甲醇用量、超声时间和提取次数进行考察,优化提取工艺.结果 对山楂叶中黄酮类成分提取影响最显著的因素为甲醇用量.优化的提取条件为:加20倍量的80%的甲醇,连续提取...     

山楂单性结实现象及诱导方法的研究

对大敞口山楂单性结实现象和诱导方法的系统研究表明，自然授粉条件下胚珠的受精率只有５．２８５％，种仁率１０．８７％，无种仁果占产量的５１％～７１％。产生无种仁果的途径有两条：一是单性结实，占９２．８８％：二是伪单性结实，占７．１２％。不经任何其他处理的去雌花朵能自动发育成正常大小的无种仁果，座果率为３２．３％～６０．３％；ＩＡＡ诱导单性结实无效，ＧＡ３诱导单性结实效果显著。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro

Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5–30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.