One-Step Preparative Separation of Fucoxanthin from Three Edible Brown Algae by Elution-Extrusion Countercurrent Chromatography

A method for batch preparation of fucoxanthin from brown algae was established, which possessed the advantages of high yield and high purity. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was used to obtain a crude extract from Sargassum fusiforme as the separation sample. Then the crude extract was separated by elution-extrusion countercurrent chromatography. The optimum preparation conditions of fucoxanthin were determined as follows: n-hexane-ethanol-water (20:9:11, v:v:v) as a two-phase solvent system, the mobile phase flow rate was 5 mL min⁻¹, the revolution speed was 800 r min⁻¹, the loading capacity was 60 mg 10 mL⁻¹ and the temperature was 25 °C. By this method, 12.8 mg fucoxanthin with a purity of 94.72% was obtained from the crude extract of Sargassum fusiforme. In addition, when the loading capacity was 50 mg 10 mL⁻¹, the purity of fucoxanthin reached 96.01%. Two types of by-products, chlorophyll and pheophytin, could also be obtained during the process of separation. This optimal method was further applied to separate fucoxanthin from Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, and 6.0 mg and 9.7 mg fucoxanthin with a purity of 96.24% and 92.62% were acquired, respectively. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the preparation method of fucoxanthin established in this study had an applicability to brown algae, which improved the utilization value of raw materials.     

裙带菜中褐藻糖胶的提取纯化及其组成的研究

该实验优化了裙带菜褐藻糖胶的提取工艺,对粗多糖进行了分离纯化,并研究了各组分的单糖组成和硫酸根含量。利用响应面优化法,依据二次回归分析确定裙带菜褐藻糖胶的最佳提取工艺为：提取温度76℃,提取时间2.5 h,料液比1︰6.5。在此条件下提取2次,粗多糖的提取率可达到7.53%。提取的粗多糖用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析分离纯化,共得到5个峰,干燥后得到5个组分。用硫酸钡比浊法测定5个组分的硫酸根含量分别为8.3%、19.2%、30.1%、38.4%和33.0%。糖腈乙酸酯衍生物气相色谱测得各组分的单糖组成分别为：组分1主要含有甘露糖和半乳糖;组分2主要含有鼠李糖,岩藻糖,木糖,甘露糖,葡萄糖和半乳糖;组分3主要含有鼠李糖,岩藻糖和甘露糖;组分4主要含有岩藻糖和半乳糖;组分5主要含有岩藻糖,甘露糖和半乳糖。     

裙带菜海绵蛋糕加工工艺研究

本文以裙带菜粉为主要的添加辅料,制成了一种营养丰富的蛋糕。通过裙带菜粉、鸡蛋、白糖以及蛋糕油添加量的单因素试验和正交试验,以蛋糕的感官特性及质构性能为评价指标,确定了裙带菜海绵蛋糕的最佳配方。试验结果表明,裙带菜蛋糕的最佳工艺条件为裙带菜粉添加量6%、鸡蛋添加量150%、白砂糖添加量45%、蛋糕油添加量7%(以面粉的添加量为100%计)。制作的裙带菜海绵蛋糕组织均匀、蓬松,无空洞,颜色黄中带淡绿,色泽均匀,有裙带菜的清香味,无塌陷,兼备裙带菜和蛋糕的营养特色,有很好的营养价值和经济价值。     

羊栖菜和裙带菜中抗凝血活性物质的初步筛选

Components with blood-anticoagulant activity were fractionated from marine algae Sargassumfusiforrne and Undaria pinnatifida and the activity of the components was investigated by using the method of bioassay. It was found that the 80% ethanol soluble fraction of Sargassumfusiforme exhibited no blood-anticoagulant activity, while the components obtained from the 80 % ethanol insoluble fraction (hot water extract) gave obvious bloodanticoagulant activity. A further study suggests that the principal component in the hot water extract from Sargassumfusiforrne with high blood-anticoagulant activity should be sulfated polysaccharides, in which the activity was positively correlated with the content of total sugar and fucose in sulfated polysaccharides. As for Undaria pinnatifida, the n-butanol extract fractionated from the 80% ethanol soluble fraction had blood anticoagulant activity, while the petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, or water extract showed no bloodanticoagulant activity.     

山东省山楂病害的研究

经过对山东省栽培山楂的１４个县（市）调查，根据症状、病原物致病性测定及形态鉴定的结果，共鉴定出２０种山楂病害，其中根朽病、干腐病、猝倒病、褐腐病、白绢病、青霉病、叶点病、干桔病、腐烂病、花叶病、黄叶病、日烧病、裂果病等１３种病害，省内以往未见报道。标本存于山东农业大学植保系植物病理学标本室。     

壳聚糖多糖涂膜保鲜剂对山楂常温贮藏效果的影响

以壳聚糖为涂膜基质,以甘油为成膜助剂,配制成多糖涂膜保鲜剂,研究了温度28～32℃,相对湿度68%～86%下该多糖涂膜保鲜剂对山楂品质的影响。结果表明,常温下经壳聚糖涂膜保鲜剂涂膜保鲜的山楂与对照组相比,果实的霉烂率、失重率明显降低,VC转化、流失的速度减慢,延缓了果实的衰老,从而延长了其常温贮藏期。     

裙带菜膳食纤维对大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜流动性的影响

目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜流动性，为裙带菜膳食纤维利用提供实验依据。方法：将60只正常大鼠分为正常对照组，水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5％）、高剂量组（10％），连续30d颈总动脉插管取抗凝血，测定其荧光偏振度ρ、求得微粘度η、细胞膜流动LFU。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维组的血小板细胞膜的流动性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），而荧光偏振度及血小板细胞的微粘度明显低于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维可增强大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜的流动性。     

裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维对红细胞变形性影响

目的：研究裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维对红细胞变形性影响。方法：实验分体内和体外两部分。体内实验分4组（n=8）：①正常对照组;②高脂模型组;③裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维（UP—sdf）低剂量组（5％）;④UP-sdf高剂量组（10％）。8周后。颈总动脉插管取抗凝血,分离红细胞,检测红细胞变形性;体外实验,取高脂血症大鼠血,分离红细胞后,再以不同浓度（10^-7、10^-6、10^-5M）的UP—sdf处理红细胞,检测不同时间（15、30、45min）红细胞变形性变化。结果：高脂血症大鼠红细胞变形性较正常对照组有显著降低,2个UP—sdf组高脂血症大鼠红细胞变形性显著升高．体外实验显示,用UP—sdf（10^-3M）孵育30min后,红细胞变形性显著升高。结论：UP—sdf可增加红细胞变形性。     

3个不同养殖群体裙带菜同工酶的电泳分析

对3个不同养殖群体裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida(本地裙带菜、日本裙带菜、自育裙带菜)的孢子叶、茎和叶不同部位的过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)进行了同工酶电泳分析。结果表明:3个裙带菜群体的POD同工酶其孢子叶活力都相对强于其它部位;日本裙带菜茎和叶的各部位POD酶活力相同,但叶中部的酶活力稍强于茎;自育裙带菜茎底部和茎中部的POD酶活力较强些,而叶底部的酶活力较叶中部和顶部的强;本地裙带菜的茎和叶由底部到顶部POD酶活力逐渐变弱。孢子叶EST酶活力要较茎和叶的酶活力强很多,3种裙带菜孢子叶中EST酶活力相同。此外,还对裙带菜的种质、样品处理方法以及3种裙带菜的亲缘关系进行了讨论。     

用复合酶酶解-热水浸提法提取裙带菜孢子叶粉岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺研究

采用正交试验方法,研究了用戊聚糖复合酶及复合纤维素酶酶解—热水浸提法提取裙带菜Undariapinnatifida孢子叶粉中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的酶解工艺参数。结果表明:用戊聚糖复合酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.12%,温度为50℃,pH为5.5,时间为30 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.171%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.432%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为21.38%;用复合纤维素酶酶解裙带菜孢子叶粉的最佳酶解参数为酶加量0.227%,温度为45℃,pH为4.5,时间为70 min,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率为5.720%,总硫酸根的质量分数为1.118%,粗提物中糖的质量分数为28.24%。用两种复合酶酶解—热水浸提法提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗提物得率均较水煮法(4.665%)高。