直接式太阳能干燥系统的热性能分析及应用

针对直接式太阳能干燥系统在实际应用过程中会存在干燥物料表面温度过高导致品质低下的问题,该文自行设计搭建一种直接式太阳能干燥系统,以红薯为干燥对象对该系统进行试验分析;同时在综合考虑室外气象参数、干燥物料热物性、搭建系统特性的基础上,基于能量平衡原理建立系统热性能动态数学模型,利用MATLAB2014a进行编程求解出干燥物料表面温度,将干燥物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值进行相关性分析,并对设计搭建的直接式太阳能干燥系统的应用进行分析。研究结果表明:物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值之间的决定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1,说明建立的系统动态热性能数学模型能够较准确的预测室内干燥物料表面温度,对防止物料表面温度过高导致物料干燥品质下降具有重要意义;直接式太阳能干燥系统的平均干燥速率比开放式太阳能干燥系统高7.7 g/h,干燥系统所获得的总热能量为3.92 k W?h,其平均太阳能热利用效率为21.23%。     

草坪与稀树草坪生态作用的比较分析

草坪和稀树草坪是城市绿地生态系统的重要组成部分。但是它们的生态作用又有较大差异 ,通过对降低噪音 ,吸附灰尘 ,降低温度与增加湿度等生态作用的测定和定量分析 ,证明草坪和稀树草坪对城市生态系统的有利影响都明显高于裸地 ,稀树草坪的作用又明显高于单一的草坪     

冷应激对新疆阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶mRNA表达的影响

为研究冷应激对阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达的影响,试验分别采集冷应激前与冷应激后阿勒泰羊6个部位的组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组织中LPL mRNA的表达水平,分析其在不同部位中表达的变化.结果显示,阿勒泰羊LPL mRNA表达量在冷应激后显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),其中颈部肌间脂肪和尾部脂肪冷应激后表达量最高.表明阿勒泰羊在低温下脂肪组织的动员能力较强,使机体产热增加,以抵抗冷应激.     

Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and mineral sources on gaseous emissions

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), an important ethanol industry co-product, has been used as a high-protein feed in poultry production. Limited studies exist on their effect on air emissions, however. In the current study, 4 diets (2 × 2 factorial design: 0 or 20% DDGS + inorganic or organic mineral sources) were fed to Hy-line W36 hens from 50 to 53 wk of age and the effects of DDGS level and mineral sources on air emissions were monitored continuously for a 23-d period in environmentally controlled chambers. The NH₃, H₂ S, CH₄, nonmethane hydrocarbons, N₂ O, CO₂, and CO₂-equivalent emissions ranged from 0.51 to 0.64 g/day-hen, 0.71 to 0.84 mg/day-hen, 33.9 to 46.0 mg/day-hen, 54.1 to 60.0 mg/day-hen, 66.0 g to 72.2 g/day-hen, and 83.1 to 92.1 g/day-hen, respectively. Feeding DDGS to laying hens resulted in 14% decreased NH₃ emissions but a 19% increase in CH₄ emissions without affecting other gaseous emissions. More than 30% of N, 80% of P, 80% of K, and 50% of Ca was retained in the manure. In conclusion, feeding laying hens a diet containing 20% DDGS may be beneficial for the environment. Substitution for organic trace minerals did not affect hen performance or air emissions.     

不同处理对猪精子活率、顶体完整率、DNA含量及精清酶活性的影响

对猪全精进行稀释、保存、冷冻、冷休克处理,测定相关指标.结果表明,精液1:1稀释后,在室温(25℃)保存过程中,精子活率、顶体完整率逐渐下降,精清中GOT活性持续升高,ALP活性变化不明显,LDH活性首先于保存的第24h升高,以后下降.精液1:10稀释后,精子活率急剧降低,顶体完整率没有显著性变化;随室温保存时间的延长,两者呈下降趋势,到室温保存的第24h,除GOT活性升高外,其它两种酶活性变化不明显.精液经冷冻解冻、冷休克处理后,精子活率、顶体完整率大幅度下降,精清中GOT、LDII、ALP活性升高,并随冷休克处理时间的延长而加剧;稀释后再进行冷休克处理,各指标变化幅度减小.本试验结果还表明,猪精液DNA含量为3.14mg/10~9精子,其与精子密度呈正相关(r=0.893),试验中各种处理均未引起精子DNA含量明显变化.     

草粮轮作与农田生态平衡——兼论 Ladino 白三叶的生态经济效益

利用无性繁殖法定植Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｉｕｍｒｅｐｅｎｓ）和雅安逸生白三叶（Ｔ．ｒｅｐｅｎｓ），地上部生物量前者比后者表现出极显著差异；地下部生物量和贮氮量表现为显著差异。后作玉米产量，Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶地为６．２９ｔ／ｈａ大于雅安逸生白三叶地（６．１５ｔ／ｈａ）；农田生态系统里前者表现为正氮平衡，后者表现为负氮平衡，前者土壤固相、液相和气相比为１∶０．５∶０．２５明显优于后者；前者Ｃ／Ｎ比适中，后者Ｃ／Ｎ过窄，其抗性雅安逸生白三叶低于Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶。三种种子直播的豆科牧草的生态经济特性表现为南苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｈｉｓｐｅｄａ）大于苕子（Ｖｉｃｉａｃｏｒａｃｃａ），紫云英（Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ）则介于两者之间。草粮轮作周期证明，Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶和南苜蓿以及苕子是无性繁殖和有性繁殖的最佳材料，值得广泛推广利用。     

调制方法对多花黑麦草干燥特性及干草质量的影响

研究6种调制方法对多花黑麦草干燥特性及干草质量的研究,结果表明：（1）与自然晒干相比,烘干、压扁茎秆、压扁茎秆＋喷碳酸钾3种调制方法可显著缩短多花黑麦草干燥所需时间,提高多花黑麦草干草质量,而喷碳酸钾溶液和风干处理在缩短多花黑麦草干燥时间及提高其干草质量上效果不显著;（2）灰色关联综合评价结果表明,与自然晒干相比,烘干...     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

自然霉变玉米及添加甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肝脏结构与功能的影响

本试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏结构与功能的影响,并初步探讨甘露寡糖可能的缓解作用。试验采用2×2因子设计,20头体重(8.10±0.32)kg的35日龄PIC断奶仔猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂添加不同水平霉变玉米(0、100%)和甘露寡糖(0、0.2%)的饲粮。结果表明:霉变玉米组仔猪全期平均日增重(P<0.01)和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05);肝细胞发生严重颗粒和空泡变性,肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)和Bax mRNA表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。添加甘露寡糖极显著提高仔猪肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),缓解霉变玉米导致的肝脏病理损伤,且霉变玉米与甘露寡糖对T-AOC的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.01)。由此可见,自然霉变玉米降低仔猪生长性能,诱导肝脏氧化应激并损伤肝脏结构;添加甘露寡糖对自然霉变玉米导致的肝损伤有一定程度的缓解作用。