天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵条件的响应面优化研究

对天冬氨酸激酶工程菌的生长情况及发酵的最佳条件进行了系统研究,探讨了发酵温度、发酵液pH值、摇床转速、接种量等因素对发酵的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用中心组合试验和响应面分析法确定了天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵的最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃,发酵液pH值7.5,摇床转速180 r/min,接种量2%。天冬氨酸激酶活性达到最大值201 U/mL。     

鸭血中SOD的提取及稳定性研究

为充分利用鸭血资源,以新鲜鸭血为原料,利用响应面分析法对鸭血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的提取工艺进行优化,并初步研究了SOD在不同条件下的稳定性。结果表明,乙醇与氯仿的体积比4∶5,溶血球与沉淀剂的体积比1∶1,静置时间25.5 min,SOD比活为1 000.91 U/mg;在pH值4.0～6.0,50℃温度以下SOD具有良好的稳定性。     

猪中性粒细胞中抗菌肽的提取及体外抗菌活性研究

抗菌肽是生物体内诱导表达具有广谱抗菌活性的小分子多肽。这些多肽是生物体非专一性的免疫应答产物,是生物体内免疫系统的重要成分。目前国内关于猪源抗菌肽的研究,主要针对于猪的小肠中的抗菌肽,而猪血中抗菌肽的提取及抗菌活性研究在国外虽已有少量报道,在国内却未见报道。由于猪血液中白细胞是免疫系统中起主要作用的免疫细胞,而其中性粒细胞约占白细胞总量的70%,从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取抗菌肽也就比较合理。因此本实验采用从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取小分子多肽,根据小分子多肽抗菌活性特点进而分离鉴定出抗菌多肽。同时,通过优化提取工艺,提高抗菌肽的得率和含量。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

基于响应面和遗传算法的尾座式无人机结构参数优化

设计了一种垂直起降尾座式无人机,利用中心组合试验(Central composite design,CCD)对无人机的翼展长、后掠角、小翼高和小翼厚4个结构参数进行设计,构建了25组样本点。利用ANSYS CFX进行升阻比和阻力数值模拟,通过Design-Expert软件建立无人机结构参数与升阻比、阻力的响应面模型,其中升阻比随着翼展长和小翼高的增加而增大,后掠角和小翼高对升阻比的影响较小,当攻角为4°～8°时,升阻比随小翼厚的增加而减小,当攻角为10°～12°时,升阻比随小翼厚的增加而增大;阻力随着翼展长和小翼厚的增加而增大,随小翼高的增加而减小,随后掠角的增加先增大后减小。以升阻比最大和阻力最小为优化目标,采用多目标遗传算法进行结构参数优化,得到最优结构参数为:翼展长1 123 mm、后掠角34°、小翼高39 mm、小翼厚3 mm,与原始样机相比升阻比提高了12. 4%,阻力降低了5. 3%。采用风洞试验对响应面模型进行了验证,其中升阻比和阻力的数值模拟相对误差小于8. 0%,响应面模型相对误差小于3%,表明响应面模型具有较高的精度和良好的通用性,可用于垂直起降尾座式无人机的优化设计。     

一品红不同品种叶片叶绿素荧光特性比较

 利用叶绿素荧光技术测定了一品红4个品种‘金多利’、‘圣诞天使’、‘索诺拉飞雪’、‘旗帜’叶片光强依赖的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明: ‘金多利’初始荧光( F_o ) 、最大荧光( F_m ) 和可变荧光( F_v ) 值极显著高于其它3个品种。在各个光强( PAR, 0～2 171μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} ) 下, 表观电子传递速率( rETR) 、实际光化学效率(Yield) 和光化学淬灭( q_P ) 的变化趋势一致, 均为‘金多利’ > ‘圣诞天使’ > ‘索诺拉飞雪’ > ‘旗帜’, 在高PAR下这种差异更明显。拟合参数最大潜在相对电子传递速率( rETR_max ) 、半饱和光强( Ik) 和光抑制参数(β) 也同rETR等具有一致变化。说明‘金多利’有较高的PSⅡ活性, 耐强光; 而‘旗帜’则光化学效率较弱, 高光强下易受光抑制。     

Effects of water stress at different development stages on yield and water productivity of winter and summer safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of water stress imposed at different development stages on grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, crop-water relationships, yield response to water and water use efficiency of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for winter and summer sowing. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil in Thrace Region in Turkey, using Dincer, the most popular safflower variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Three known growth stages of the plant were considered and a total of 8 (including rainfed) irrigation treatments were applied. The effect of irrigation or water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare and 1000 kernel weight, was evaluated. Results of this study showed that safflower was significantly affected by water shortage in the soil profile due to omitted irrigation during the sensitive vegetative stage. The highest yield was observed in the fully irrigated control and was higher for winter sowing than for summer sowing. Evapotranspiration calculated for non-stressed production was 728 and 673 mm for winter and summer sowing, respectively. Safflower grain yield of the fully irrigated treatments was 4.05 and 3.74 t ha⁻¹ for winter and summer season, respectively. The seasonal yield response factor was 0.97 and 0.81 for winter and summer sowing, respectively. The highest total water use efficiency was obtained in the treatment irrigated only at vegetative stage while the lowest value was observed when the crop was irrigated only at yield stage. As conclusions: (i) winter sowing is suggested; (ii) if deficit irrigation is to apply at only one or two stages, Y stage or Y and F stages should be omitted, respectively.     

Effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration and feeding period on the skin pigmentation of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

A single‐factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration on the skin colour of snapper. Snapper (mean weight=129 g) were held in white cages and fed one of seven dietary levels of unesterified astaxanthin (0, 13, 26, 39, 52, 65 or 78 mg astaxanthin kg^?1) for 63 days. Treatments comprised four replicate cages, each containing five fish. The skin colour of all fish was quantified using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* colour scale after 21, 42 and 63 days. In addition, total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of two fish cage^?1 were determined after 63 days. Supplementing diets with astaxanthin strongly affected redness (a^*) and yellowness (b^*) values of the skin at all sampling times. After 21 days, the a^* values increased linearly as the dietary astaxanthin concentration was increased before a plateau was attained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. The b^* values similarly increased above basal levels in all astaxanthin diets. By 42 days, a^* and b^* values increased in magnitude while a plateau remained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. After 63 days, there were no further increases in measured colour values, suggesting that maximum pigmentation was imparted in the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 42 days. Similarly, there were no differences in total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 63 days. The plateaus that occurred in a^* and b^* values, while still increasing in magnitude between 21 and 42 days, indicate that the rate of astaxanthin deposition in snapper is limited and astaxanthin in diets containing >39 mg astaxanthin kg^?1 is not efficiently utilized. Astaxanthin retention after 63 days was greatest from the 13 mg kg^?1 diet; however, skin pigmentation was not adequate. An astaxanthin concentration of 39 mg kg^?1 provided the second greatest retention in the skin while obtaining maximum pigmentation. To efficiently maximize skin pigmentation, snapper growers should commence feeding diets containing a minimum of 39 mg unesterified astaxanthin kg^?1 at least 42 days before sale.     

大型矩形水工渡槽动力分析

针对大型矩形渡槽的动力特性和动力响应问题,建立了流固耦合(FSI)系统的位移-压力(ui,p)有限元格式,给出流固耦合系统的动力特性方程;基于FSI系统的(ui,p)格式建立槽体-水体-槽墩-基础-地基系统的力学模型,采用非对称模态提取法求解了4种水深下渡槽的动力特性,并用隐式-显式积分算法计算了4种水深、2种强震作用下大型渡槽的动力响应。计算结果表明,基于FSI的(ui,p)格式,考虑到槽体与水体的相互作用,简化了计算模型,提高了计算精度,同时也得出不同水深、不同激励下渡槽结构动力特性和动力响应的变化规律等结论,可为大型渡槽及同类工程动力设计提供参考。     

Effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury in mice with hyperthyroidism

AIM To explore the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury induced by hyperthyroidism in mice. METHODS Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group （n=20） and L-thyroxine （T4） group （n=20）. The mice in T4 group were intraperitoneally injected with T4 diluent at a dose of 1 mg/kg to induce hyperthyroidism, and those in control group were injected with normal saline of the same volume. After 7 weeks, the mice were weighed and dissected, the kidneys were removed and weighed, and the length of tibia was also measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the kidney tissues were detected. The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）-modified proteins, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 （IRAK1） and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 （TRAF6） were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with control group, the body weight of the mice was decreased, while the kidney size and weight were increased significantly in T4 group. In addition, the ratios of kidney weight/body weight and kidney weight/tibia length were also increased （P<0.05）. In T4 group, the renal tubules were enlarged, and the epithelial cells of renal tubules were swollen and exfoliated, with vacuolar degeneration. Furthermore, reduced SOD activity, and increased MDA content and 4-HNE-modified proteins were found in T4 group, all of which were related to oxidative stress （P<0.05）. The levels of inflammation-related proteins IRAK1 and TRAF6 were significantly increased in T4 group （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Excessive T4 may lead to kidney hypertrophy and injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response.