双隐性甜糯玉米的主要农艺及品质性状

利用糯玉米(wxwx)分别与普甜玉米(su1su1)和超甜玉米(sh2sh2)杂交,在F1代的果穗上分离出纯合双隐性甜糯玉米(su1su1wxwx或sh2sh2wxwx),再同时种植双隐性甜糯玉米及亲本普甜玉米、超甜玉米和糯玉米,观测了一系列农艺性状,并分析了甜糯双隐性基因的互作效应.主要结果如下:(1)双隐性甜糯玉米的三叶期出现最迟,株高较高.(2)大部分     

盐渍和涝渍对棉苗生长和叶片某些生理性状的复合效应

 以陆地棉鲁棉研17和鲁棉研28为材料,以无盐正常供水为对照,研究了在盐渍、涝渍和盐涝复合胁迫14 d后棉苗干物质积累、叶片光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量等的变化。结果表明,盐渍、涝渍和盐涝复合胁迫都显著影响两个品种的光合速率和干物质积累。盐渍对棉苗的影响程度小于涝渍,而涝渍又小于盐涝复合胁迫,盐涝双重胁迫对棉苗生长和干物质积累的抑制表现出累加效应。盐渍胁迫下叶绿素含量的下降是光合作用受抑制的重要原因,而涝渍和盐涝胁迫下光合速率下降可能是叶绿体结构和PSⅡ稳定性的下降引起的。     

Genetic, agronomic and quality comparisons of two 1AL.1RS. wheat-rye chromosomal translocations

The 1AL.1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation originally found in ‘Amigo’ wheat possesses resistance genes for stem rust, powdery mildew and greenbug biotypes B and C, but also has a negative effect on wheat processing quality. Recently, a second 1AL.1RS translocation carrying Gb6, a gene conferring resistance to greenbug biotypes B, C, E, G and I, was identified in the wheat germplasm line ‘GRS1201′. Protein analytical methods, and the DNA polymerase chain reaction were used to identify markers capable of differentiating the 1RS chromosome arms derived from ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. The secalin proteins encoded by genes on 1RS chromosome arms differed in ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. A 70 kDa secalin was found in the ‘Amigo’1AL.1RS, but did not occur in the ‘GRS1201’1AL.1RS. Polymorphisms detected by PCR primers derived from a family of moderately repetitive rye DNA sequences also differentiated the two translocations. When ‘GRS1201’was mated with a non-1RS wheat, no recombinants between 1RS markers were observed. In crosses between 1RS and non-1RS parents, both DNA markers and secalins would be useful as selectable markers for 1RS-derived greenbug resistance. Recombination between 1RS markers did occur when 1RS from ‘Amigo’ and 1RS from ‘GRS1201’were combined, but in such intermatings, the molecular markers described herein could still be used to develop a population enriched in lines carrying Gb6. No differences in grain yield or grain and flour quality characteristics were observed when lines carrying 1RS from ‘Amigo’ were compared with lines with 1RS from ‘GRS1201′. Hence, differences in secalin composition did not result in differential quality effects. When compared with sister lines with 1AL.1AS derived from the wheat cultivar ‘Redland’, lines with ‘GRS1201’had equal grain yield, but produced flours with significantly shorter mix times, weaker doughs, and lower sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volumes.     

氯化钴处理微藻的生物学效应初报

在塔胞藻培养液中加入不同浓度的CoCl2(0、2、4、6、8、10、12mg/L),然后分析了氯化钴处理塔胞藻的生物学效应。结果发现,当培养液中钴离子浓度较低时,塔胞藻被处理后的生物学效应明显优于对照。当钴离子浓度达到一定值(6mg/L)时,则随着钴离子浓度的升高,细胞的生长繁殖在前2轮(9d为一轮)培养中均明显降低;细胞内的蛋白质、叶绿素含量也均明显下降,而可溶性糖的含量与对照相比变化不大。继续培养,塔胞藻细胞的生长繁殖及细胞内含物含量接近正常值。     

Genetic analysis on body weight at different ages in broiler chicken raised in commercial environment

A multivariate model was developed and used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight (BW) at 1–6 weeks of age of broilers raised in a commercial environment. The development of model was based on the predictive ability of breeding values evaluated from a cross-validation procedure that relied on half-sib correlation. The multivariate model accounted for heterogeneous variances between sexes through standardization applied to male and female BWs differently. It was found that the direct additive genetic, permanent environmental maternal and residual variances for BW increased drastically as broilers aged. The drastic increase in variances over weeks of age was mainly due to scaling effects. The ratio of the permanent environmental maternal variance to phenotypic variance decreased gradually with increasing age. Heritability of BW traits ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 at different weeks of age. The direct genetic effects on consecutive weekly BWs had high genetic correlations (0.85–0.99), but the genetic correlations between early and late BWs were low (0.32–0.57). The difference in variance components between sexes increased with increasing age. In conclusion, the permanent environmental maternal effect on broiler chicken BW decreased with increasing age from weeks 1 to 6. Potential bias of the model that considered identical variances for sexes could be reduced when heterogeneous variances between sexes are accounted for in the model.     

马来酸二乙酯对藿香精油触杀枸杞蚜毒力增效作用研究

文章以枸杞蚜虫为试虫,采用玻璃管药膜法研究了藿香精油的触杀剂量效应、藿香精油+马来酸二乙酯的触杀剂量效应、马来酸二乙酯对藿香精油的触杀毒力增效作用。结果表明,藿香精油在处理4 h后,精油最高剂量表现出的校正死亡率最高,是最低剂量校正死亡率的19.6倍。藿香精油对枸杞蚜虫的剂量效应为正比例关系。藿香精油+马来酸乙酯触杀枸杞蚜虫的触杀剂量在1 mL·L^-1下,最长处理时间的枸杞蚜虫死亡数是最低处理时间的10.4倍。马来酸二乙酯(增效剂)+藿香精油对枸杞蚜虫的剂量效应为正比例关系。藿香精油对枸杞蚜虫触杀4 h后,枸杞蚜虫的LC50为3.17 mL·L^-1,含有马来酸二乙酯的藿香精油对枸杞蚜虫的LC50为1.09 mL·L^-1。枸杞蚜虫对含有增效剂的藿香精油的触杀处理更敏感。两者的95%置信限覆盖率为0,表明两者对枸杞蚜虫的触杀毒力存在极显著差异。0.02%马来酸二乙酯的增效比为2.90,证明其对藿香精油具有增效作用。     

县域耕地占补时空变化及其规划管控效果——以江苏省南通市通州区为例

[目的]分析2001—2010年江苏省南通市通州区耕地占补的时空特征,初步探讨县级土地利用总体规划对耕地占补的管控效果,为进一步改进土地利用总体规划的编制与实施提供科学依据。[方法]以通州区2001和2010年2个时期的土地利用动态数据为基础,采用GIS空间分析方法,分析该区2001—2010年耕地时空变化。[结果](1)2001—2010年通州区耕地总面积由92 503.47hm2减少到72 466.52hm2,补充速度慢于占用速度,占用和补充的水田比例都较高。(2)耕地占用的主要去向是建设占用,96.80%是农村居民点占用,耕地补充的主要来源是建设用地,水域及其他农用地,其中农村居民点整理补充耕地的比例为71.67%。(3)耕地占用主要集中在通州区西北部和中部地区,耕地补充主要集中于研究区中部以及北部地区。(4)从空间规模与空间结构控制效果来看,通州区土地利用总体规划在2001—2010年对耕地占补的管控效果较差,对具体地类而言,对新增城镇工矿占用耕地的管控效果要优于农村居民点用地。[结论]2001—2010年通州区耕地总面积减少,其占用的主要去向和补充的主要来源均是建设用地,且呈现一定的空间分布规律,土地利用总体规划对耕地占补的管控效果较差。     

15种常用杀虫剂对二斑叶螨的室内药效对比试验

本文采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法,选用15种常用杀虫剂的最大登记剂量对二斑叶螨敏感型种群和抗性种群进行了药效对比试验研究。结果表明:施药后观察,哒螨·矿物油、阿维·哒螨灵、阿维菌素、阿维·灭幼脲、阿维·毒死蜱、啶虫脒对敏感型二斑叶螨的速效性防效较好;而炔螨特、桉油精和苦参碱对抗性二斑叶螨的防效较强。     

南方红壤坡地几种典型治理措施的径流调控效应

应用小区观测资料,对南方红壤坡地几种典型治理措施的径流调控效应进行了分析研究。结果表明,与裸地比较,水土保持植物措施的径流调控效益达到21.1%~94.2%,顺坡与横坡耕作措施的径流调控效益分别达到59.7%和72.3%在其它措施相同的条件下,南方普遍采用的梯田、水平竹节沟、鱼鳞坑这3种水土保持坡面工程措施,径流调控效益均在68.3%以上与单一措施比较,工程措施与植物措施、耕作措施优化组合的综合性水土保持措施,径流调控效益高达91.6%,这些优化组合的水土保持措施可在南方红壤区因地制宜地广泛推广。     

大蒜鳞茎中抗番茄灰霉病内生菌的筛选及其防治效果

【目的】筛选拮抗番茄灰霉病的内生菌菌株,研究其生防效果,为开发有应用潜力的微生物农药奠定基础。【方法】用平板对峙法从大蒜鳞茎内筛选具有拮抗作用的内生菌,测定拮抗菌株对番茄离体叶片、果实、胚根和盆栽植株灰霉病的防治效果,以及对7种常见病原真菌的抑菌活性。【结果】从分离纯化的63株候选菌株中获得了22株具有一定抑菌活性的内生菌,其中有4株内生菌(D6,D10,D21,Y3)对番茄灰霉病有显著的抑制效果,抑菌率最高可达77.5%。4株拮抗菌均有较强的抑菌活性,对番茄离体叶片、果实和胚根上番茄灰霉病菌的生长抑制率最高分别达92%,71.13%和70.3%;对盆栽植株番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率最高可达96.2%;这4株菌对西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)、玉米弯孢病菌(Curvularia lunata)、烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria longipes)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)和棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporun f.sp.vasinfectum)均有一定的抑菌活性,抑制率最高达83.1%。【结论】大蒜鳞茎中的内生菌对番茄灰霉病有明显的抑制作用,这为内生菌在番茄灰霉病防治方面的应用提供了理论依据。