传动装置密封环热负荷评估与试验

应用数值计算和试验研究相结合的方法对车辆传动装置密封环的热负荷特性进行评估。根据传动装置涨圈型密封环的工作特点,确定了密封环传热规律,提出了密封表面摩擦热的计算方法,获得了传热过程的边界条件。模拟实际运行工况,采用热-结构耦合方法对密封环整体的温度分布、热应力、变形量,以及温度随工况的变化规律进行仿真计算。利用研制的动密封综合性能试验系统进行试验对比论证和相关研究。结果表明,所提出的热负荷评估方法使传热过程的模拟更加符合实际的工作状态,能准确有效地预估密封环在热负荷下的性能。     

Baicalein induces autophagy in breast cancer cells

AIM:To investigate the autophagy of breast cancer cells induced by baicalein and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:The effects of baicalein on the viability of MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells were investigated by MTT assay,and the dosage of the drug was determined.The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ) and LC3-I in the MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells treated with baicalein at doses of 25,50 and 100 μmol/L,or combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were determined by Western blot.In order to confirm the role of baicalein in autophagy,the effect of 3-MA on the apoptosis of both MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells induced by baicalein was analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein levels of p-mTOR,mTOR,p-AKT and AKT were examined by Western blot and the role of AKT-mTOR pathway in the induction of autophagy in breast cancer induced by baicalein was determined by the combination of activators.RESULTS:Baicalein at 50 μmol/L and above doses significantly inhibited the viability of breast cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I in both MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells was significantly enhanced after the action of baicalein,and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I was significantly decreased after 3-MA addition.The results of flow cytometry showed that,compared with baicalein group,the combination of baicalein and 3-MA promoted the levels of necrosis and apoptosis.Moreover,the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-AKT were significantly decreased and were rescued by EGF,while their total protein levels were not changed.CONCLUSION:Baicalein induces autophagy through AKT-mTOR pathway both in MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells.     

Impact of pre-germination on amylopectin molecular structures,crystallinity, and thermal properties of pre-germinated brown rice starches

Ungerminated brown rice (UGBR) and pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) obtained from different pre-germination durations were studied to investigate the changes in total starch contents of flour, amylopectin molecular structures, crystallinity, and thermal properties of starches as affected by pre-germination. Each paddy of three rice cultivars with different amylose contents (RD6, waxy; KDML105, low amylose; and RD31, high amylose) was soaked in water at 30°C for 12 h and incubated over different periods until the three stages of embryonic growth length (EGL) were achieved. The total starch contents of three-stage PGBR flour from all rice cultivars decreased when pre-germination durations were increased. The three-stage PGBR starches from the three rice cultivars had lower weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) than UGBR starches. All starches from the three rice cultivars displayed an A-type X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). Isolated UGBR starch from RD6 had the highest (31.33%) relative crystallinity (RC), while RD31 showed the lowest RC (26.79%). The slight increases in the RC of three-stage PGBR starches from three rice cultivars were found after pre-germination. Isolated PGBR starches from the three rice cultivars had higher gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy, but lower retrogradation enthalpy and %retrogradation than UGBR starches.     

蚓堆肥热干扰后对土壤质量和作物生长的影响

了解热干扰对蚓堆肥肥效的影响有助于指导其规模化加工和应用,促进有机废弃物的高效循环利用。通过模拟不同热干扰梯度(30、40、50、60和70℃)研究蚓堆肥自身性质的变化,将新鲜的蚓堆肥置于烘箱中加热20 h,并于温室中采用盆栽试验探究经过热干扰后的蚓堆肥对土壤性质及番茄生长的影响。结果表明,随着热干扰温度的升高,蚓堆肥的pH、可溶性有机碳及铵态氮含量呈上升趋势且在最高温干扰处理下达到最高,但硝态氮和速效钾含量呈下降趋势;微生物生物量碳氮含量先上升后下降,而其中参与碳氮循环的酶活性逐渐降低。经不同热干扰处理后的蚓堆肥施入土壤后,相比30℃的对照,蚓堆肥经热干扰后番茄的地上部生物量提高了2倍左右,根系生物量增加了56%～115%;伴随蚓堆肥热干扰温度的增加,植物氮磷钾养分的吸收量逐渐提高,蚓堆肥对土壤氮磷钾养分的供应量(土壤速效养分与植物有效养分吸收量之和)先升高后下降并在50℃干扰处理后达到最高;土壤pH及可溶性有机碳含量逐渐升高,土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量呈先上升后下降的趋势且在70℃干扰后降至最低,而土壤中参与碳氮循环的酶活性变化趋势不一致,但与对照相比总体呈上升趋势。总之,热干扰导致蚓堆肥生物活性下降及养分有效性增加,相应地,热干扰后的蚓堆肥施入土壤后能明显促进作物氮磷钾养分的吸收,有利于蚓堆肥发挥其肥效。因此,蚓堆肥加热处理有利于其发挥短期培肥和植物促生功效,而其长期效果有待今后在更大时空尺度上的研究。     

铁的生理功能及其对水稻产量和品质影响的研究综述

铁是植物生长发育必需的微量元素,也是人体生长不可缺少的微量元素之一。稻米是世界上50%以上人口的主食,水稻可有效从土壤中吸收铁元素供人类食用,改善人类铁缺乏的现状。本文综述了水稻中铁的生理功能和水稻对铁的吸收及转运调控机制,重点阐述了缺铁和铁过量对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响,并提出了未来该领域的研究方向,以期为水稻铁生物强化和水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。     

生长素信号转导途径对林木根系的影响

植物体内信号分子———植物激素在调节植物各种生长发育进程中具有重要作用。生长素是调控植物根系发育唯一具有极性运输特性的激素,调控过程包括生长素生物合成、极性运输和信号转导。文中从生长素合成、代谢、运输、信号转导的主要途径和影响林木根系形成的相关基因及激素互作等方面进行了系统论述,提出了林木生长素信号转导途径研究的新思路,展望了林木根系形成机理研究及其对林木根系调控的应用前景。     

基于Landsat8的东莞市热环境变化动态研究

基于2014年和2017年的Landsat8影像,本研究利用辐射传输方程反演了东莞市地表温度,并应用景观指数和转移矩阵分析了东莞市2014-2017年热环境的变化动态。结果表明,热强度指数大于0.25或小于等于-0.25的区域定为极温区,符合东莞市实际情况;东莞市相邻热环境区的地表温差从2.94℃减至2.77℃,热岛强度有所减弱;高温区对热环境格局的影响平稳地趋向缩减;各热环境区存在15.7%-29.4%面积变化,其向中温区方向转化的趋势明显;     

干扰素诱导细胞抗病毒的分子机制

干扰素（IFN）在主艉地细胞的抗病毒和抗生长反应及调节免疫反应中起关键作用。尤其是抗病毒反应是干扰素的基本功能，其分子机制正逐步被揭示。IFN诱导的过程实际上是一个信号传递和级联放大的过程。其主信号途径通过位于细胞膜上的酪氨酸激酶使酪氨酸磷酸化，激活信号传导物和转录激活因子。然后信号传导物和转录激活因子转移到细胞核内。它们导致了许多基因产物的表达并由此产生一系列的生理学过程。     

Ca~(2+)对植物——微生物互作反应的调控

植物对微生物信号接收、传递及应答的研究是当前植物———微生物互作的分子生物学领域中最具吸引力的课题之一 ,Ca2 +是迄今为止唯一被证实的植物细胞内信号。大量研究表明 ,Ca2 +也参与了植物———微生物互作的信号传递。近 15年来 ,随着细胞生物学、生物化学、分子生物学研究技术的飞速发展 ,人们对Ca2 +在植物———微生物互作中生理意义的认识大为加深。从Ca2 +信号的研究方法、Ca2 +在植物抗病防卫反应中的作用、Ca2 +在植物———微生物共生关系中的作用及Ca2 +信号研究中存在的问题及展望等几方面综述了近年来相关研究的进展     

Ca2+/CaM信使对毛竹抗旱生理的影响

为了探讨钙信号对毛竹抗旱生理指标的影响,在水分胁迫下用EGTA、LaCl3、heparin、CPZ和CaCl2处理毛竹幼苗后,研究干旱胁迫下毛竹叶片内保护酶活性、脯氨酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢和可溶性蛋白的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,CaCl2处理明显提高了毛竹叶片保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA、脯氨酸和过氧化氢含量;EGTA、LaCl3、heparin和CPZ处理提高了毛竹过氧化氢含量,抑制了SOD和CAT活性的上升,破坏了脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的积累。但LaCl3和heparin处理对MDA含量的影响不大,heparin和CPZ处理对POD活性没有显著影响。这些结果暗示Ca2+/CaM信使可能主要通过调节抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白提高毛竹对干旱的适应性,且通过不同的传递路径调节以上生理指标。