柞蚕微孢子虫侵染后柞蚕5龄雌雄个体血淋巴蛋白质含量和组成的变化及差异分析

以柞蚕5龄幼虫为材料添食柞蚕微孢子虫(Nosema pernyi,Np),通过测定与分析不同性别5龄幼虫血淋巴蛋白质含量和组成变化的差异,为探究柞蚕对柞蚕微孢子虫感染的免疫应答提供依据。感染柞蚕微孢子虫的不同性别柞蚕5龄幼虫的血淋巴蛋白质含量随蚕体发育进程出现不同的变化:雌性个体与雄性个体分别在添食Np后24 h与48 h,血淋巴蛋白质含量极显著增加(P<0.01),且持续至添食后96 h,其中雌性个体的血淋巴蛋白质含量又极显著高于雄性个体(P<0.01);在添食Np后120 h,雌、雄个体的血淋巴蛋白质含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。SDS-PAGE分析表明,添食Np后的柞蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴蛋白质组成与对照组基本一致,均显示出20条分子质量在20.1～97.2 kD的蛋白条带,其中雌、雄个体在添食后96 h,大小约44 kD的蛋白条带明显加深,大小约28 kD的蛋白条带雌性个体在添食后144 h、雄性个体在添食后120 h明显加深,且雄性个体在添食后120～168 h大小约42 kD的蛋白条带明显加深,但在添食后192 h与对照组无明显差异。研究结果说明Np侵染后,柞蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴蛋白质的含量及组成均产生了一定的变化,并且雌雄个体间的变化存在差异。     

6种药剂对柑橘大实蝇成虫防效研究

摘要：为巩固发展云阳优质柑桔支柱产业,探索诱杀柑桔大实蝇成虫的环保药剂,结果表明,参试的6种药剂防效均达80%以上,绿色防控药剂0.1%阿维菌素果瑞特果实蝇诱杀剂、0.1%阿维菌素糖酒醋液防效分别达98.7%、97.68%,优于敌百虫、乙基多杀菌素、毒死蜱和阿维菌素;食物诱杀药剂防治柑桔大实蝇成虫,应在果园监测到成虫开始取食或羽化出土始期给药,并持续于整个羽化、取食、产卵期,喷洒颗粒液体诱杀效果显著。     

抗菌药物联合应用对霉形体的药效学研究

本研究采用试管肉汤稀释法和棋盘法测定了１７种抗菌药物单独或几种药联合对鸡败血霉形体Ｓ＿６株（ＭＧＳ＿６）的最低抑菌和最低杀菌浓度．结果表明，ＭＧＳ＿６对北里霉素、四环素、红霉素、氟哌酸等高度敏感；四环素类与ＴＭＰ联合呈现协同作用。对实验性感染ＭＧＳ＿６的病鸡进行联合用药治疗试验，初步筛选出几个有良好治疗作用的联合用药配方。本研究是对联合应用抗菌药物治疗实验性鸡败血霉形体病进行的初步探讨，对防治本病具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

“青大1号”紫花苜蓿叶蛋白提取条件优化

为了开发新的食用蛋白质资源,本试验以“青大1号”紫花苜蓿新品系青干草为原料,采用酸化加热法配合加盐法提取叶蛋白.单因素试验设计,分别考察料水比、加盐量、絮凝时间、pH、预浸时间、絮凝温度6个因素对粗蛋白质提取率的影响,并以单因素试验结果为依据,采用四因素（料水比、加盐量、絮凝时间、pH）三水平L9（34）正交试验设计进行提取工艺优化.试验结果表明：影响粗蛋白质提取率的因素,从大到小依次为料液比、絮凝时间、pH、加盐量.当絮凝温度为70℃、料液比为1∶10、加盐量1％、絮凝时间5min、pH为4时是叶蛋白提取的最优提取条件.     

The 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands--a survival analysis

The aim of this analysis was to characterise the temporal pattern of infection during the 1997/98 classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic in The Netherlands and hence identify and quantify risk factors for infection in different enterprise types and areas. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe the epidemic. Substantial differences in temporal survival patterns (herd breakdown rate) were found between areas where different control policies operated. Factors with a significant influence on the infection hazard of individual herds included: sow numbers as a percentage of total sows and fatteners (HR = 3.38 for mixed herds (0.1–60% sows) vs. fattening herds (0% sows) and HR = 2.74 for breeding herds (60–100% sows) vs. fattening herds), the number of ‘transport contacts per month’ (>0.3 vs. <0.3; HR = 4.11), pig density (pigs/km²) in the area (HR_{1000 pigs} 1.48) and herd size (HR_{100 pigs} = 1.01).

Pre-emptive slaughter in an area appeared to be associated with lower subsequent disease levels. Higher frequency of transport contacts for welfare slaughter during the epidemic, however, well regulated and controlled, was associated with a substantially higher risk of becoming infected. The positive association of a higher pig density with CSF indicates the potential importance of local spread as a factor in disease transmission and emphasizes that dilution of the pig population can contribute to reduction in CSF occurrence. This analysis suggests however, that if pre-emptive slaughter can promptly be applied effectively in an area after initial diagnosis, pig density is then not a significant factor. Mixed and breeding herds had a higher probability of becoming infected than fattening herds, possibly due to different types and frequencies of inter-herd contacts. These contacts continue to some extent during the epidemic, despite the standstill of animal movements.     

青海水、旱地甜高粱与豆科混播及其刈割对草产量的影响

为探索青海水、旱地覆膜种植甜高粱（Sorghum dochna）的增产栽培技术,将2个甜高粱品种‘九甜杂3号’和‘吉甜5号’与3个豆科品种‘草原224’,‘西牧333’和‘1741’分别在水地和旱地进行混播、刈割试验。结果表明：不同海拔生态区不同品种各性状差异显著,综合表现为水地优于旱地;在旱地与豆科混播对甜高粱‘九甜杂3号’和‘吉甜5号’的生长具有明显促进作用,‘吉甜5号’不刈割混播的鲜草产量比单播增加0.42%~21.44%,干草产量增加14.63%~32.24%;‘九甜杂3号’不刈割混播比单播干草产量增加16.74%~43.30%。生长中期刈割对‘九甜杂3号’影响显著,其水地和旱地鲜草产量分别增加9.57%和9.91%。‘九甜杂3号’适宜与豆科品种‘草原224’混播,在生长中期刈割1次,两茬鲜草产量高达147.33 t·hm^-2和112.40 t·hm^-2;‘吉甜5号’适宜与‘西牧333’混播且不刈割,两者鲜草产量达129.55 t·hm^-2和104.01 t·hm^-2,干草产量达29.57 t·hm^-2和22.15 t·hm^-2。因此,甜高粱品种与豆科植物的混播及刈割能够增加其草产量,这对生产实践有着一定的指导意义。     

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components

The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspirahyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitoryconcentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay.In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. Fororganic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was mostsensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binarycombinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. Invitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organicacids against B. hyodysenteriae.     

云南丽江油橄榄介壳虫调查及防治试验

介壳虫危害影响丽江地区油橄榄引种产业的发展。2015年进行了丽江地区油橄榄介壳虫的调查及防治试验。结果表明,存在两种危害油橄榄的介壳虫,分别是油橄榄片盾蚧和矢尖盾蚧;不同品系油橄榄危害介壳虫种类与成虫和若虫种群数量有显著的差别。应用两种市场化学药剂不同剂量对两种介壳虫防治试验均显示有较强的杀虫效果,其中对若虫防治效果强于成虫,两次连续用药显著提高防治效果。     

4个豆科牧草在干热河谷生态芒果园的应用研究

为筛选出适宜在干热河谷生态果园种植的豆科牧草。本文设计牧草种类和翻压方式两水平因素,牧草种类是提那罗爪哇大豆(Glycine wightii(Wight and Arn.)Verdcourt‘Tinaroo’)、热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes giuanensis‘Reyan No.5’)、大翼豆(Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC)Urb)和铺地木蓝(Indigofera endecaphylla Jacq.)4个牧草,翻压方式为翻压与不翻压,观测牧草草产量、地表温湿度、土壤湿度、土壤理化性状变化量;翻压方式观测翻压牧草前后土壤理化性状的变化。结果表明:在芒果园内种植提那罗爪哇大豆在改善果园土壤微环境及作为绿肥翻压提高土壤肥力方面均高于其他3个牧草;大翼豆地上生物量最高,年均干草产量为7 470.463kg·hm-2;热研5号柱花草枯枝落叶量最高,年均3 183.00kg·hm-2。种植牧草小区在调节地表温度及保持土壤水分效果高于未种植区,柱花草在调节地表温度及保持土壤水分的效果高于其他牧草。经济效益与草产量一致。