Furanoditerpene ester and thiocarbonyldioxy derivatives inhibit photosynthesis

6α,7β-Dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oic acid (1) and methyl 6α,7β-dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oate (8) were isolated from Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth. 1 was modified to obtain 6α-hydroxyvouacapan-7-β,17β lactone (2). Then, 6-oxovouacapan-7β,17β lactone (3) was obtained from 2. The furanoditerpene ester derivatives: propyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (4), butyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (5), 2-methoxyethyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (6) and 3-methylbut-2-enyl 7β-hydroxy-6-oxovouacapan-17β-oate (7) were synthesized from (3) and methyl 6α,7β-thiocarbonyldioxyvouacapan-17β-oate (9) was obtained from (8). In this work, the lactone ester derivatives 4-7 and 9 were tested on photosynthetic activities in an attempt to search for new compounds as potential herbicide agents that affect photosynthesis. All compounds inhibited ATP synthesis and electron flow from water to MV, therefore, they act as Hill reaction inhibitors, being 4- to 9-fold more potent than 2 and 3 as inhibitors of ATP synthesis. Their interaction site was located at PSII in a similar way to diuron. Furthermore, furanoditerpene esters 6 and 7 act as uncouplers, and were corroborated by enhancement of the light-activated Mg²⁺-ATPase, while 5 act as an energy transfer inhibitor. Finally 5-7 behave as herbicides, since they inhibit the biomass production of weeds assay.     

吡啶衍生物研究Ⅷ:2-烷氨基-5-(2-芳氧吡啶-3-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物的合成与及生物活性

以2-取代苯氧基烟酰肼为原料,与异硫氰酸酯反应合成了14个结构新颖的2-烷氨基-5-(2-芳氧吡啶-3-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物,其结构通过 1H NMR、IR和元素分析表征。初步生物活性测试结果表明,化合物 4j 在50 mg/L下对黄瓜枯萎病菌Cladosporium cucumerium的抑制率可达70％。     

9-硝基喜树碱酯类衍生物的合成和结构表征

以10-羟基喜树碱为原料,经硝化反应制备中间体9-硝基-10-羟基喜树碱,再经亲核取代反应合成新的9-硝基喜树碱酯类衍生物。对反应路线的选择及反应中间体和终产物的结构进行了详细解析,化合物的结构经1HNMR、13C NMR、IR和MS(ESI)表征。结果表明:此合成路线反应条件温和,产物总转化率达到90.2%。     

酚类化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性和对ETS的抑制研究

研究了5种酚类化合物对发光细菌毒性和活性污泥脱氢酶活性的抑制作用。结果表明,酚类化合物对502海水发光细菌的毒性大小顺序为2,4-二氯苯酚>对硝基苯酚>邻甲基苯酚>苯酚>对氨基苯酚,对应的EC50值分别为4.95、23.90、42.43、83.65和178.75 mg/L。而对活性污泥脱氢酶活性抑制的大小顺序同发光细菌毒性测定结果不太一致,毒性大小顺序为2,4-二氯苯酚>邻甲基苯酚>对氨基苯酚>苯酚>对硝基苯酚,相应的EC50值分别为37、398、575、794和1 333 mg/L。两种毒性测定方法的EC50结果差异比较大,可能和测定方法的特点有关。但仅仅根据单一的、高灵敏度的发光细菌毒性测定结果来调整废水处理工艺中的各项参数而实现对水质的调控,可能会造成处理成本的大幅度地增加,因此根据两种或多种毒性测定方法(其中包括以活性污泥为对象)的测定结果判定有机污染物的毒性更科学。     

蓟马取食对苜蓿氨基酸组成及含量的影响

为了探究蓟马取食对苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)氨基酸组成及含量的影响,本研究以'草原2号'(Medicago varia Martin.'Caoyuan No.2')感蓟马品种和'草原4号'(Medicago sativa L.'Caoyuan No.4')抗蓟马品种为材料,分别进行牛角花齿蓟马(Odo...     

吡啶衍生物研究(Ⅷ):2-[(2-氯吡啶)-4-基]-5-烷氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成及其除草活性

为寻找新的农药先导化合物 ,依据活性亚结构拼接原理 ,以异烟酸为起始原料 ,共合成了 12个标题化合物 ,其结构通过元素分析、1H和13 CNMR予以确认。所有化合物均具有一定的除草活性 ,且茎叶处理高于土壤处理 ,其中Ⅰ 0 4和Ⅰ 0 6在 1 5kg·hm-2 剂量下 ,茎叶处理对反枝苋、稗草、油菜和苜蓿的抑制率分别达 71 9%～89 2 %和 4 5 3%～ 87 0 % ;因此 ,该类化合物具有作为除草先导化合物进一步研究的价值     

大豆皂苷Bb乙二胺衍生物的制备

天然的皂苷分子结构不一定表现出免疫佐剂活性的最佳状态,为获得不同皂苷结构修饰衍生物,研究选用碳二亚胺法,借助于乙二胺衍生物的氨基,使大豆皂苷单体Bb分别与β-苯丙酸、L-脯氨酸发生缩合反应,将亲脂性的,带正电荷的、亲水性的化合物基团分别连接到大豆皂苷C-3-O位的葡萄糖醛酸羧基上,形成不同程度亲水、亲脂性的衍生物。分别使用分析及制备型HPLC分离纯化制备的衍生物,并利用傅立叶红外光谱、质谱等方法鉴定衍生物结构。研究结果形成了不同结构的衍生物,可用于后续的大豆皂苷结构与免疫佐剂活性的研究。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用

综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物的理化性质以及在食品工业中的应用,这些应用包括作为保健食品、食品添加剂、涂膜保鲜剂、水处理剂及作为固定化酶的载体,并且简要介绍了这些应用的机理。     

Transmission of the Chromosome 1 R in Winter Wheat Germplasm Aimengniu and Its Derivatives Revealed by Molecular Markers

In order to clarify the transmission of the rye chromosome 1R in winter wheat germplasm Aimengniu and its derivatives, 17 derivatives and 7 types of Aimengniu were examined through molecular-marker technology. The results showed that the chromosome arm 1RS of Neuzucht was transmitted to 5 of the 7 types of Aimengniu, i.e., Aimengniu Ⅱ and Aimengniu Ⅳ-Aimengniu VII, no segment of t RS was identified in Aimengniu Ⅰ or Aimengniu Ⅲ. As for the 17 derivatives, the 1RS chromosome arm of Aimengniu was transmitted to 11 derivatives, part segments of 1RS were found in 1 derivative, while no segment was found in the remaining 5 ones. The results provided the evidence that molecular-marker technology was an efficient approach and suitable for analysis of the transmission of chromosome 1R.