两种常温固化木材胶粘剂胶接强度分析

对两种木材用常温固化胶粘剂--单宁-甲醛胶粘剂和聚氨酯胶粘剂胶接的速生杨木的静态剪切强度进行了测试与分析.研究结果表明,以速生杨I-72为被胶接对象,自制的双组分型单宁胶压缩剪切强度范围为8.08～8.92MPa,但木破率较低,要满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶规定,需进一步研究改进.相比较而言,聚氨酯胶粘剂的胶接强度较高,其压缩剪切强度值均在9.8MPa以上,木破率在75%以上,能够满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶的规定.     

渠道边坡稳定的盐敏感性特征研究

工程中灌排渠道在运行多年后,随着土中含盐量的增加,会造成渠道边坡不同程度的滑塌、变形及结构的破坏。通过对盐化土的剪切试验和界限含水率试验,得到不同含盐量下土的抗剪强度指标和稠度界限,运用单因素试验分析含盐量对土的抗剪强度和稠度界限的影响规律。随着含盐量的增加,土体的团聚体稳定性降低,增加了粘粒的分散性,土的抗剪强度有所下降;同时土的稠度界限也会降低,增大了土的流动性,明确地说明含盐量增加也是影响灌排渠道边坡稳定性重要因素。     

毛竹纤维饱和点随竹龄的变化规律

竹材的纤维饱和点对于竹材的加工利用具有重要指导意义。以毛竹为研究对象,采用力学法和水分吸着等温线法对毛竹纤维饱和点及其随竹龄的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明,两种方法所得的纤维饱和点不同,顺纹抗压强度法0.5龄为36.12%;1.5～4.5龄为(24.49±0.78)%,水分吸着等温线法0.5龄为24.51%;1.5～4.5龄为(18.38±0.42)%;两种方法测得纤维饱和点的绝对数值虽然存在一定差异,但随竹龄的变化规律相同,即从0.5龄到1.5龄降幅明显,大于1.5龄后趋于稳定。     

W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理

[目的]对W-OH砒砂岩固结体干湿循环特性及其细观机理进行研究,为实现W-OH固结改良砒砂岩及其耐久性研究提供科学依据。[方法]采用W-OH(亲水性聚氨酯材料)对砒砂岩进行固结处理,基于无侧限抗压试验、三轴抗压试验,研究其在干湿循环条件下的力学性能,并结合SEM,EDS和称重法对其干湿循环后样品微观结构、元素和质量损失进行分析,以获得其破坏机理。[结果]W-OH砒砂岩固结体的无侧限抗压强度、弹性模量和黏聚力在1～3次干湿循环后升高;在3～9次干湿循环后,固结体的力学强度降低;9次之后,剩下高黏结力的W-OH胶结体包裹于砒砂岩颗粒表面,力学强度趋于稳定。内摩擦角在1～9次干湿循环后上下波动,9次干湿循环后趋于稳定。采用碳元素分析和质量损失分析相结合的方法对土样中W-OH流失特性进行评价,发现土样在1～9次干湿循环中W-OH胶结体逐渐降低,并在9次干湿循环后达到稳定,这与上述宏观力学变化的规律相似,验证了破坏机理,为判断其长期特性提供理论依据。[结论]研究表明可将9次干湿循环后达到稳定的W-OH砒砂岩固结体的力学性质作为土体的长期力学特性。     

Size effects of width on tensile strength of visually-graded Chinese larch lumber

以兴安落叶松锯材作为研究对象,研究了不同目测等级下锯材试材宽度与其顺纹抗拉强度之间的依存性。选取3种宽度尺寸的目测等级锯材,分成高、低目测等级组,按照相同的测试跨度测试锯材顺纹抗拉强度,并利用斜率法和形状参数法估计高、低目测等级试材顺纹抗拉强度5%分位值的宽度尺寸效应。结果表明：1）落叶松锯材宽度增加,其顺纹抗拉强度下降。2）落叶松高、低目测等级锯材顺纹抗拉强度5%分位值的宽度尺寸效应系数分别为0.29和0.33。3）可以通过形状参数法确定落叶松目测等级锯材的顺纹抗拉强度的宽度尺寸效应系数。     

Evaluation of relationship between dispersibility of soils and charge characteristics using a modified ion adsorption method; An example of soils from Wakayama Prefecture,Japan

The relationship between the charge characteristics and the dispersibility of soils from reclaimed land (highly dispersive) and adjacent forest area (physically stable) was investigated.

To evaluate the amount of soil charges quantitatively, the measurement based on cation and anion adsorption (ion adsorption method) was attempted in two ways, where special attention was paid to the solution concentration. In the conventional ion adsorption method, the treatments with concentrated solutions (1 mol L^-1) were included in the process. In the modified method, soils were treated with dilute solutions (5 mmol L^-1), in taking account of the soil solution concentration in humid temperate regions. The amount of charges derived from the modified method was smaller than that from the conventional one, especially in the high pH zone. In a preliminary experiment, the extraction of polyvalent cations from soils was found to be significantly affected by the salt concentration. Thus, the use of solutions with an excessively high concentration was considered to result in an error in the estimation of the active charges in soils which would contribute to the dispersion behavior in the field.

The applicability of the modified method for analyzing the dispersion behavior of soils was evaluated by relating the dispersibility of silts and clays at different pHs with the charge characteristics determined under the same ionic strength. The dispersion ratio of silts of the reclaimed land reached maximum values at pH 5.5, above which the ratio decreased, whereas the ratio of clays began to increase in the pH range above 6. The dispersion ratio of silts of the forest area increased in the pH range above 6, whereas that of clays remained constant at a low level in all the pH ranges below 7. The changes in the dispersibility of silt plus clay fractions corresponded to total charge characteristics determined by the modified method. Thus, the evaluation of soil charges by the modified ion adsorption method was considered to be effective to predict soil dispersibility under field conditions, indicating that it could replace electrokinetic analyses such as electrophoresis in studies on the dispersion/flocculation behavior of soils.     

有初始缺陷板件超屈曲强度的半分析法研究

本文应用大挠度理论分析了初始缺陷对板件超屈曲强度的影响,并为板件后屈曲分析提出了一个样条函数半分析计算法.该法对各种载荷及位移边界条件板件均可进行计算,与有限元法等相比较,具有计算量少,精度高等显著特点.数值计算结果为冷弯型钢结构设计提供了较完善的理论依据.     

贵州省食用菌产业现状与可持续性发展分析

笔者分析了贵州省食用菌产业特点与产业优势,认为贵州食用菌产业在自然条件、交通条件以及政策条件等方面均具有较大优势;全省食用菌规模逐渐扩大,品牌效应凸显。进一步总结了贵州省食用菌产业存在的问题,即缺乏行业规范,产品结构较为单一,行业人才匮乏。继而提出了贵州省食用菌产业可持续性发展建议,即加大食用菌产业的开发程度,加强科技支撑及专业人才培养,政府统筹,建立行业标准,重视菌渣的综合开发利用,以实现本省食用菌产业的后发赶超和可持续性发展。     

电场对杨木胶合效应之初探

在电场作用下,通过聚醋酸乙烯乳液胶合杨木单板的对比试验,初步探索了电场对胶合的影响,结果表明（１）电场强度对胶合强度有极显著的影响;（２）在涂胶量不同,其他工艺条件相同的情况下,达到理想胶合强度的垫板间电势差是不同的。     

水轮机顶盖部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度分析

针对水轮发电机组由于顶盖连接螺栓断裂而导致水淹厂房等严重事故的问题,建立了某电站实际顶盖及螺栓的模型并进行有限元分析.基于Ansys,采用有限单元法求解静力学基本方程,计算得到各种工况下螺栓的应力分布;研究了某混流式水轮机顶盖全部螺栓正常工作时的强度,对部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度进行了分析,对比了螺栓在断裂数量为1,2,4,8根以及断裂位置为90°对称分布、邻近分布、180°分布时的应力情况.计算结果表明:部分螺栓断裂后,由于偏载和突变,其余螺栓的最大应力值都会升高;螺栓断裂个数越多,断裂螺栓的分布位置越邻近,则其余螺栓强度越不足.当断裂螺栓数量为4根且处于邻近分布位置时,剩余螺栓的最大应力为744.03 MPa,十分接近螺栓材料的极限容许应力744 MPa;当断裂螺栓处于邻近分布位置且数量达到8根时,剩余螺栓的最大应力达776.21 MPa,增幅达19.69%,已远远超过材料极限容许应力,威胁电站安全运行.